儿童铅中毒的危险因素分析及健康教育干预效果  

Risk factors analysis of lead poisoning in children and effects of health education intervention

作　　者：梁文化[1] 房雅琨 曲志彤 徐来[1] LIANG Wen-hua;FANG Ya-kun;QU Zhi-tong;XU Lai(Qingdao Municipal Hospital,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市市立医院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2020年第4期306-308,共3页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童铅中毒的危险因素及健康教育干预效果。方法选取本市1500名6岁以下儿童进行调查,其中221名儿童血铅≥101μg/L,进行健康教育干预6个月。分析儿童铅中毒发生率及铅中毒危险因素。结果4~6岁儿童铅中毒发生率明显高于3岁以下儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男童的铅中毒发生率、平均血铅水平明显高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。吸吮手指、勤洗手、玩具清洗频繁、经常在马路边玩耍、家人从事铅接触工作的儿童铅中毒发生率明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,儿童平均血铅水平明显低于干预前,家长对铅中毒防范知识、行为、态度评分明显高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童铅中毒发生率高,危险因素多,健康教育可提高家长对铅中毒的防范知识,帮助儿童养成健康行为。Objective To investigate the risk factors of lead poisoning in children and the effect of health education intervention.Methods 1500children under the age of 6in a city were selected for investigation,among them 221children with blood lead≥101g/L were intervened through health education for 6months.The risk factors of lead poisoning in children were analyzed.Results The prevalence of lead poisoning in children aged 4-6years was significantly higher than that in children under 3years old,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The prevalence of lead poisoning and average blood lead level in boys were significantly higher than that in girls,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The prevalence of lead poisoning was significantly increased among children who sucked their fingers,washed their hands frequently,washed their toys frequently,played on the roadside,and had family members engaged in lead exposure work,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After intervention of the health education,the average blood lead level of children was significantly lower than before the intervention,and the parents scores on the knowledge,behavior and attitude of lead poisoning prevention were significantly higher than before the intervention,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of lead poisoning in children is high and there are many risk factors.Health education can improve parents'knowledge of lead poisoning prevention and help children develop healthy behaviors.

关 键 词：铅中毒 危险因素 儿童 健康教育 

分 类 号：R139[医药卫生—劳动卫生]