美国反垄断法下类雇员团结权的保护及其对我国的启示  

The Protection of Employee-like Persons’ Solidarity Rights under the American Antitrust Law and Its Enlightment to China

作　　者：刘诚 汤晓莹 Liu Cheng;Tang Xiaoying

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学 [2]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院 [3]纽约城市大学劳动关系学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2020年第3期141-156,共16页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：雇员团结权一直面临反垄断法与劳动法的冲突与碰撞。在美国,立法者区分受《国家劳动关系法》保护的"雇员"和不受保护的"自雇者",仅使得前者行使团结权的行为免受反垄断法规制。但仅通过对《国家劳动关系法》或者反垄断法规则作出解释无法有效保护类雇员团结权。基于现实需求以及"自由劳动"的宪法精神,联邦立法应借鉴一些州的立法经验和法院判例,直接干预反垄断法与劳动法的中间领域。我国也应该借鉴这些立法经验,从集体权利层面探讨保护不具有明确用人单位的劳动者。Employees’solidarity rights have always faced conflicts and collisions between the antitrust law and the labor law.The legislators distinguished between"employees"protected by NLRA and"self-employed workers"who were not covered by NLRA,only making the former be exempted from the antitrust law to exercise their solidarity rights.However,the solution to overcome this problem can not be found through a mere change in the interpretation of the existing NLRA and the antitrust law.Based on the real demands and the constitutional spirit of"free labor,"federal government should learn from the experiences of legislation and justice in some states and directly intervene the middle field between the antitrust law and the labor law.China can use these legislation experiences for reference and explore ways to protect the interests of laborers,who do not have a specific employer from the perspective of collective rights.

关 键 词：反垄断法 劳动法 类雇员 团结权 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.29