商品通用名称认定标准的反思与重构  

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Judicial Identification Standard of Generic Terms

作　　者：李然[1,2] Li Ran

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学 [2]福建省罗源县人民法院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2020年第6期25-36,共12页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：法定通用名称和约定俗成的通用名称的认定标准,现有法律规定在审理商标授权确权行政案件的司法解释中。现行商标法仅对民事侵权案件中的商标和商品通用名称冲突的处理作出了规定,但对于商品通用名称的定义和认定标准都没有规定。当民事诉讼的被告提出通用名称正当使用抗辩时,法院是否可参照适用商品通用名称在行政案件中的规定?现有立法关于商品通用名称的认定标准存在程序拖沓、结论反复的问题。通用名称与商标等其他商业标识的最大区别就在于具有“通用性”,此属于法律事实。本文从通用名称在我国司法实务中存在的现实问题出发,考察美国司法实践中的相关做法,提出商品名称的“通用性”认定标准的设想,并在相关因素、证据规则、预防商标通用化等方面提出建议。In our current laws,the identification standard of statutory generic name and conventional is prescribed in the judicial interpretation of administrative cases of trademark authorization.Currently effective Trademark Law of People’s Republic of China establishes regulations for the conflict between generic name of commodity and trademark in the torts cases.But but there is no regulations on the definition or identification standard of the generic name.When defendant raises a defense for the fair use of generic name,can the court refer to the provisions of generic name in the administrative cases?There are some issues related to identification standard of generic name,such as the delay of procedure and the repetition of conclusion.Compared with trademark and other business marks,the generic name is‘generality’which is also the biggest difference,and it is a legal fact.This paper starts with the issues of generic name existing in the judicial practice,investigating the judicial practices of America,then puts forward the ideas on the identification standard of‘generality’and the suggestions for the relevant factors,rules of evidence,prevention of generalization of trademark.

关 键 词：通用名称 通用性 多数使用控制 消费者调查 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]