氮、磷减量配施生物炭和腐植酸对双季稻产量和氮、磷流失的影响  

Effect of Reducing Application Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Application of Biochar and Humic Acid on Double-Cropping Rice Yield and Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus

作　　者：黄家怡 荣湘民[1] 侯坤 黄卓江 颜娟 韩永亮[1] 田昌[1] HUANG Jiayi;RONG Xiangmin;HOU Kun;HUANG Zhuojiang;YAN Juan;HAN Yongliang;TIAN Chang(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第8期31-44,共14页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800500);长江中游双季稻区面源污染综合防治技术示范项目。

摘　　要：采用大田试验研究了氮、磷各减量20%配施腐植酸(900 kg/hm^2)、生物炭(2250 kg/hm^2)对水稻产量和氮、磷流失的影响,以期筛选出能够削减水稻田面源污染的田间施肥技术。结果表明,相对于常规施肥,氮、磷各减量20%及减量后配施生物炭、腐植酸对水稻产量均无显著影响,对秸秆和籽粒中氮、磷、钾含量亦无显著影响;但相对于氮、磷各减量20%处理,在氮、磷各减量20%的基础上同时增施生物炭和腐植酸能显著提高双季稻的株高、每穗实粒数、结实率、产量。常规施肥处理田面水中氮、磷质量浓度总体上显著高于其他氮、磷减量配施生物炭、腐植酸处理;且相对于氮、磷各减量20%处理,采用在氮、磷各减量20%基础上配施生物炭、腐植酸的施肥方式,田面水中平均总氮、总磷质量浓度分别减少了3.18%~16.35%、3.23%~13.21%,明显降低了氮、磷流失风险。其中,氮、磷减量20%同时配施腐植酸和生物炭处理双季稻产量高,且氮、磷流失少,是最好的施肥方式,该施肥方式相比于氮、磷各减量20%处理早稻田面水中总氮、可溶性氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷、可溶性磷质量浓度分别下降了16.35%、13.45%、17.39%、14.06%、13.21%、13.95%,晚稻田面水中分别下降了10.51%、10.78%、9.43%、16.90%、12.90%、13.33%。Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of each 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus and application of humic acid(900 kg/ha)and biochar(2250 kg/ha)on rice yield and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus,so as to screen out the fertilization technology which could reduce the pollution of non-point source in paddy field.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus,and application of biochar and humic acid after 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus,had no significant effect on rice yield and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in straw and grain.However,compared with the treatment with 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphate,application of biochar and humic acid on the basis of 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer could significantly increase the plant height,filled grain number per panicle,seed setting rate and yield of double-cropping rice.The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in field surface water of conventional fertilization treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments with 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus and application of biochar and humic acid.In addition,compared with the treatment with 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus,the average total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of the treatments with biochar and humic acid based on 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus reduced by 3.18%—16.35%and 3.23%—13.21%respectively,which significantly reduced the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss.Among them,the treatment with biochar and humic acid based on 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus was the best fertilization method with high yield and less loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.Under this way of fertilization,compared with the treatment with 20%reduction of nitrogen and phosphate,the concentrations of total nitrogen,soluble nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus in the field surface water of early rice decreased by 16.

关 键 词：双季稻 减量施肥 生物炭 腐植酸 产量 养分流失 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]