旧大陆小麦在澳大利亚的栽种及传播  

Cultivation and Spread of the Old Continent Wheat in Australia

作　　者：肖璐娜 张箭[2] Xiao Luna;Zhang Jian(School of Marxism,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500;School of History&Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学马克思主义学院,四川成都610500 [2]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《古今农业》2020年第2期98-105,119,共9页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“15世纪末至19世纪初的全球农业文明大交流”(项目编号:13AZD044);中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项四川大学学科前沿与学术交叉项目(批准号:skqy201215,skzd201407);四川大学“区域历史与边疆学”一流学科群建设项目的阶段性成果

摘　　要：小麦是人类很早就开始驯化栽培的古老作物。发展至今,小麦作为最重要的粮食作物,在人类的饮食生活中占据着不可或缺的地位。欧洲白人到达前,澳洲土著居民已在这片大陆上繁衍生息了50,000余年,以渔猎、采集为主,已接近于形成原始农业,但却没有栽培作物和饲养牲畜,更别提有野生或人工栽培小麦的痕迹。1788年,“第一舰队”将旧大陆小麦传入澳洲大陆,殖民者为解决早期面临的粮食危机,迅速栽培推广小麦,小麦业也随之兴盛,为澳大利亚农业的发展奠定了物质基础。这不仅是新旧大陆之间农作物的传播,更是新旧大陆农业文明的大交流。Wheat is an ancient crop that human beings began to cultivate thousands of years ago.Up to now,wheat,as the most important food crop,has occupied an indispensable position in human diet.Before the Europeans arrived in Australia,the indigenous people had lived on this continent for more than 5,000 years.They were mainly engaged in fishing,hunting and gathering.Their activities were close to primitive agriculture,but they did not cultivate crops and raise livestock,let alone the traces of wild or artificially cultivated wheat.In 1788,“the First Fleet”introduced wheat in the Old World to the Australian continent.The colonists quickly cultivated and promoted wheat in order to solve the food crisis in the early stage.The wheat industry also prospered,laying a material foundation for the development of Australian agriculture.This is not only the spread of crops between the old and new continents,but also the great exchange of agricultural civilization.

关 键 词：小麦 澳大利亚 栽种 传播 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]