藏族药种植区域与产业发展策略研究  

Research on planting area and industrial development strategy of Tibetan medicine

作　　者：孙晓明 王超群 董林林[3] 张际庆 张小会 SUN Xiao-ming;WANG Chao-qun;DONG Lin-lin;ZHANG Ji-qing;ZHANG Xiao-hui(Institute of Literature in Chinese Mediciney Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,China;Institute of Medical Information,Chinese Academy of Medical Science,Beijing 100020,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学中医药文献研究所,江苏南京210029 [2]中国医学科学院医学信息研究所,北京100020 [3]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2020年第11期2708-2713,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-AQ-049);云南省科技厅科技人才和平台计划项目(2017IC038);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1702500,2018YFC1706302)。

摘　　要：环境适宜性区域能够保证中药材品质,而有关适宜藏族药(以下称藏药)植物种植区域的研究目前还较为匮乏。该研究利用中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(GMPGIS)对植物类藏药进行全国适宜种植区域分析,首次提取了藏药主要分布区域的生态因子范围,如年均温-19.4~24.2℃、年均降水量17~4088 mm、年均日照124.2~171.6 W·m^-2。以337个采样点为基础,通过生态相似性分析得到藏药植物在全国范围内的最大生态相似度区域,除西藏和青海省以及四川、甘肃、云南的藏族自治州以外,甘肃省酒泉市、临夏县等地和四川省攀枝花市、雅安市等地以及新疆、内蒙古、山西等省份也具有较大的适宜栽培区域。除此之外,该研究通过分析藏药产业的现状提出其存在资源开发利用不合理、缺乏标准规范、基础研究薄弱、产业体系有待健全等问题,并做出有利于可持续资源开发、标准规范的制定、科技兴药、拓展国内外市场等相应的解决对策措施。该研究为指导植物类藏药全国范围内生产基地的合理布局、引种繁育等提供依据,为高品质藏药的科学规范化生产奠定基础,并明确藏药产业的发展方向,为藏药等民族药产业发展战略的制定提供思路。Appropriate producing areas can guarantee the quality of Tibetan medicine,but research on the suitable ecological factors and suitable producing areas of Tibetan medicinal plants is scarce.This paper used the Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants(GMPGIS)to analyze the ecological suitability of Tibetan medicinal plants nationwide.For the first time,the range of ecological factors and main soil types of Tibetan medicinal plants were extracted,such as the average annual temperature-19.4-24.2℃,annual average precipitation 17-4088 mm,annual average sunshine 124.2-171.6 W·m^-2.The main soil types were black calcareous soil,thin layer soil,chestnut soil and so on.Based on 337 sampling points,the largest ecological similarity area of Tibetan medicine across the country was obtained through ecological similarity analysis.In addition to Tibet and Qinghai provinces and Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures in Sichuan,Gansu,and Yunnan provinces,Jiuquan city and Linxia county in Gansu province,Panzhihua and Ya’an in Sichuan province,and Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,and Shanxi provinces also had larger suitable cultivation areas.In addition,by analyzing the current situation of Tibetan medicine industry,the research pointed out that there were some problems such as unreasonable development and utilization of resources,lack of standards and norms,weak basic research and imperfect industrial system,and made corresponding countermeasures for sustainable development of resources,formulation of standards and specifications,promotion of medicine through science and technology,expansion of domestic and foreign markets,etc.This study provided the basis for guiding the rational layout of production bases,introduction and breeding of plant Tibetan medicine nationwide,laying the foundation for the scientific and standardized production of high-quality Tibetan medicine,clarifying the development direction of Tibetan medicine industry,and providing ideas for the development strategy of Tibetan medicine and other national medic

关 键 词：藏族药(藏药) 资源分布 产地适宜性 民族药 

分 类 号：F326.12[经济管理—产业经济] R29[医药卫生—民族医学]