栽培天麻农艺性状的数量分类学研究  

Quantitative taxonomic study on agronomic traits of cultivated Gastrodia elata

作　　者：钱润 李慧[2] 华中一 袁媛 谢冬梅[1] QIAN Run;LI Hui;HUA Zhong-yi;YUAN Yuan;XIE Deng-mei(School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;Aademician Workstation,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学药学院,安徽合肥230012 [2]江西中医药大学院士工作站,江西南昌330004 [3]中国中医科学院,中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2020年第13期3085-3090,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(81891013);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ10-008);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA18242040)。

摘　　要：为了深入开展天麻"优形"形成机制研究,该文分别对天麻地上组织和块茎的农艺性状特征进行测量和数量分类分析。研究表明,所收集的39份天麻样品的茎秆颜色和粗度变异较大,且受到种质变异的影响。采用Ward联接法和Euclidean距离对39份天麻地上农艺性状进行聚类分析,以11.0为阈值可分为3组,分别为杂交天麻、红天麻、乌天麻。同时对105份天麻块茎样品的农艺性状进行了相关性分析、变异系数分析、因子分析和聚类分析,结果表明天麻鲜重与块茎长、块茎宽具有显著正相关性;块茎的13个农艺性状变异程度均较大,其中肚脐眼深度的变异程度最大;且13个农艺性状可分为6类因子,其贡献率达89.348%,其中块茎长度因子、宽度和质量因子贡献率均大于20%,表明其对于区分天麻种质具有重要意义;采用Ward联接法和Euclidean距离进行聚类分析,以8.0为阈值,可按照产地来源分为3类,即来自陕西和湖北33份样品聚为一类,云南和贵州19份样品聚为一类,其余样品聚为一类。该研究结果将为天麻种质鉴别、种质资源保存与纯化、优形成因研究提供依据。To better understand the formation mechanism of Gastrodia elata traits,the agronomic traits of aboveground tissues and tubers were measured and analyzed in this study.It has shown that the color and thickness of the stems of the 39 samples of the G.elata collected are affected by the germplasm and variation.Clustering analysis of 39 agronomic traits of G.elata was conducted with Ward′s method and Euclidean distance.The threshold of 11.0 was divided into three groups,namely hybrid G.elata,G.elata f.elata and G.elata f.glauca.Simultaneously,the correlation analysis,coefficient of variation analysis,factor analysis and cluster analysis of 13 agronomic traits of 105 G.elata tuber samples were carried out.The results showed that the weight of G.elata was significantly positively correlated with tuber length and width.The agronomic traits of tuber were highly variable,and the depth of variability of the scar was the largest and 13 agronomic traits could be divided into 6 types of factors and the contribution up to 89.348%,furthermore,tuber length factor,width and weight factor contributed more than 20%,indicating that it is of great significance for distinguishing G.elata germplasm.Cluster analysis was performed by Ward′s method and Euclidean distance,with 8.0 as the threshold can be divided into three categories in the light of the origin of the source,33 samples from Shanxi and Hubei are clustered into one category,and 19 samples from Yunnan and Guizhou are clustered into one group,and the remaining samples are grouped into one category.This study will provide a basis for the identification and purification of G.elata germplasm and germplasm resources.

关 键 词：天麻 数量分类学 因子分析 聚类分析 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]