人类命运共同体视阈下海盗罪国际刑事法院构建问题研究  

Research on Construction of International Criminal Court of Piracy--Crime under the Perspective of Community of Shared Future for Mankind

作　　者：胡城军[1] HU Cheng-jun

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2020年第4期111-121,共11页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目“关于建立反海盗国际警察组织和国际法庭的机制研究”(09YBB259)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目前海盗依然猖獗,建立国际性法院审判海盗行为,可有效打击海盗犯罪,有利于维护国际海运的安全和秩序,彰显国际法治的尊严和价值,实现国际正义。国际犯罪由国际性法院或法庭来起诉和审理是基本公理,更何况海盗犯罪是公认的属于普遍管辖的犯罪。近十年以来对索马里海盗的审判实践及暴露出的问题更加深了对这一结论的理解。对海盗罪的普遍管辖、海盗罪的非政治特征及其辐射功能等都使得建立海盗罪国际刑事法院具有可行性。海盗罪国际刑事法院将以《联合国海洋法公约》的定义为基础,统辖国际公共海域的海盗犯罪,彻底终结海盗定义的争议。该法院的法律适用将以国际条约为基础,结合国内法意义上的一般法律原则以及司法判例。鉴于对海盗罪的普遍管辖,在海盗管辖权的行使方面,应在符合缔约国的基本条件下吸纳多种因素提交情势,并突出检察官提交情势的独立性。Recently,the pirates are still rampant.If an international court is constructed to trial pirates,it may combat crime of pirate effectively,avail to safeguard safety and rule of international navigation,and manifest dignity and value of international rule of law so as to realize international justice.To prosecute and judge international crimes by international courts or tribunals is basic axiom,as is piracy crimes,not to mention that piracy crime is publicly recognized as crime under universal jurisdiction.In the past decade,the trial practice of Somali pirates and the problems exposed have deepened the understanding of this conclusion.The universal jurisdiction over piracy crimes,the non-political characteristics of piracy crimes and their radiation functions make the establishment of an international criminal court of piracy crimes feasible.International Criminal Court of Piracy should base on the definition of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,and govern piracy crimes on international public waters,and thoroughly end up controversies over definition of piracy.The new court’s application of the law will build on international treaties,which combined with general legal principle and judicial precedents in the sense of domestic law.Given universal jurisdiction to the crime of piracy,exercise of the jurisdiction to piracy would absorb multiple factors to submit the circumstances,and highlight the independence of prosecutors’submitting circumstances.

关 键 词：人类命运共同体 海盗罪 国际刑事法院 普遍管辖权 

分 类 号：DF979[政治法律—国际法学]