机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学第一附属医院急诊医学科,安徽合肥230022
出 处：《中国急救医学》2020年第7期678-682,共5页Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine
基 金：安徽省阜阳市临床重点学科建设项目(卫科教[2017]29号)。
摘 要：目的探索安徽阜阳地区急性磷化铝中毒的流行病学特征,为该类中毒制定相关的防治措施和法律法规提供理论依据,做好农村留守儿童及农民中毒防治工作.方法收集2011年1月至2018年12月阜阳市人民医院收治的158例急性磷化铝中毒患者的资料,对患者的来源、年龄、性别、文化程度、发病年份和月份、中毒原因、中毒途径和病死率等指标进行统计分析.结果158例患者主要来自于农村149例(94.3%),男女比例为1.14:1,各年龄段进行性别分析,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).职业主要为农村留守中小学生和农民,共计143例(90.5%).患者文化教育程度较低,初中及以下文化程度为151例(95.6%),对患者各年龄段职业和学历进行分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).中毒例数呈先上升后下降趋势,2016年患者例数达到最高峰,中毒例数为56例(35.4%),其中吸入性中毒47例,口服途径中毒9例,2017年中毒例数开始逐渐下降.中毒时间主要分布于6、7、8月份,为110例(69.5%),其中吸入性中毒89例(56.3%),口服中毒21例(13.2%).患者的主要中毒原因为意外中毒(104例),包括吸入性中毒96例,误服8例.中毒途径包括经呼吸道吸入96例(60.8%)和口服62例(39.2%).年龄<20岁患者98例(62.0%),其中意外中毒93例,经呼吸道吸入89例(56.3%);年龄≥20岁患者多为口服自杀(口服/自杀:53/49).对0~90岁9个年龄组的中毒原因和中毒途径分别进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).患者的总病死率为15.2%(24/158),重度中毒的病死率高达72.7%,轻度中毒患者125例全部存活,两组病死率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).口服中毒病死率高于吸入性中毒[25.8%(16/62)vs.8.3%(8/96),P<0.05].自杀因素导致的病死率高于意外中毒[29.6%(16/54)vs.7.7%(8/104),P<0.05].结论安徽阜阳地区急性磷化铝中毒患者主要来自农村,多为留守中小学生和农民,初中及以下文化程度比例较高,男性略多于女性.青少年和�Objective To explore the cpidemiological characterstics of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning in Fuyang area,in order to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of related prevention and control measures,laws and regulations.Methods From January 2011 to December 2018,158 patients with acute aluminum phosphide poisoning treated in Fuyang People's Hospital were collected,and the source,age,sex,education level,year and month of onset,etiology,poisoning pathway and mortality of the patients were statistically analyzed.Results 158 patients were mainly from rural areas(149,94.3%),the ratio of men to women was 1.41:1,and there were no statistically signifieant differences in the gender analysis(P>0.05).The main occupation was rural left-behind primary and secondary school students and farmers,a total of 143 cases(90.5%).Patients received a lower level of cultural education,and the proportion of junior high school and below education level was higher(151,95.6%).The analysis of occupational and academie qualfications in the patients of all ages was statistically significant(P<0.05).The number of patients reached its highest peak in 2016,with 56 cases of poisoning(35.4%),including 47 cases of inhalation poisoning,which exceeded those of oral route poisoning(9 cases),and the number of poisonings began to gradually decline in 2017.The time of onset was mainly distributed in June,July and August,with 110 cases(69.5%),of which 89 were inhalation poisoning(56.3%)and 21 were oral poisoning(13.2%).The main cause was accidental poisoning(104 cases),including 96 cases of inhalation poisoning and 8 cases of accidental administration.Poisoning route included inhalation poisoning(92,60.8%)and oral poisoning(62,39.2%)98 cases(62.0%)were under 20 years old,ineluding 93 cases of accidental poisoning and 89 cases(56.3%)of respiratory tract absorption.Most of the patients aged 20 and over committed oral suicide(oral/suicide:53/49).The etiology and poisoning route of 9 age groups aged 0 to 90 years old were compared,and there were s
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