植物组织在修复PAHs污染土壤过程中的作用  

Effect of tissues of plants on PAHs remediation of soil

作　　者：吴云霄[1,2] 雷忻 王学乾[1] 孙俊龙 WU Yun-xiao;LEI Xin;WANG Xue-qian;SUN Jun-long(College of Life Science,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,Shaanxi,China;Yan’an Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration,Yan’an 716000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000 [2]延安市生态恢复重点实验室,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2020年第3期1048-1054,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860110);陕西省教育厅专项(18JK0875);延安大学博士科研启动项目(YDBK2018-37);陕西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S201910719077)。

摘　　要：以西南地区12种常见草本植物为材料,以菲、芘为PAHs代表,借助盆栽试验,对植物不同组织在修复土壤中PAHs的功能定位及作用差异进行了系统研究。结果表明:茎叶组织可以从空气中吸收一定的PAHs,沿阶草吸收能力相对较强,大部分植物吸收能力比较弱,但植物茎叶从空气中吸收的PAHs极少向根部输送;不同植物对土壤中PAHs的降解强度不同,对菲的降解率高于芘,且大部分植物降解能力为中等;植物对芘的富集强度明显大于菲,根部对PAHs的富集强度明显高于茎叶;污染土壤组植物茎叶中的PAHs大部分来源于根系的传输;植物体内的脂肪含量与植物对PAHs的富集量以及生物浓缩系数线性相关明显,而水分含量与PAHs的富集量及生物浓缩系数没有明显的线性相关性。因此,选用根系发达、脂肪含量高的植物在修复土壤PAHs过程中效果更明显。The present paper is aimed to make an investigation of the functions of the different plant tissues in the process of remediating PAHs in the soil so as to provide a scientific ground for choosing the most suitable plants to replenish the PAHs in it.And,practically speaking,PAHs in the soil can take 12 kinds of common herbs in the southwest of the country as the testing plant samples,with phenanthrene and pyreneas its typical representative ones. And,for the above said purposes,we have chosen 3 pollution levels,known as the mild pollution T1,the heavy pollution T2 and the pollution-free CK in the course of the experiment. Through a 55-day pot growing experiment,we have tested and determined the contents of the phenanthrene and pyrene in the soil,including the plant stem,the fat and the water content in its stem,leaf and root. And,finally,we have also confirmed the functional localization and functional differences of the different tissues of the plants in the process of the PAHs remediation in the soil systematically. The results of our experiment indicate that: (1) The stems and leaves of the plant can absorb some PAHs from the atmospheric space air,and their absorption ability of dwarf lily-turf can grow up most vigorously,though such absorption ability for most plants remains weak. However,the PAHs absorbed by the plant stems and leaves from the air can hardly be transferred to the plant roots;(2) The degradation intensity of PAHs in the soil can be different among the different plants,whose degradation rates of phenanthrenecan be higher than that of pyrene,though the degradation ability of most plants remains moderate;(3) The enrichment intensity of pyrene by the plant has been proven noticeably greater than that of phenanthrene,whereas it would be possible for it to raise their intensity of the PAHs accumulation in their roots much higher than those in the stems and leaves;(4) Most of the PAHs in the plant stems and leaves prove to be originated from their roots;(5)What is more,the content rates of their fat

关 键 词：环境学 PAHS 植物修复 茎叶 根系 脂肪 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]