分合之间:民法典中的合同任意解除权  

Between Separation and Integration:Discretionary Rights to Terminate a Contract in the Civil Code

作　　者：朱虎[1] Zhu Hu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《中外法学》2020年第4期1018-1041,共24页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：中国人民大学学校社科项目(项目批准号:20XNQ012)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：《民法典》中存在两种不同的任意解除权,即不定期继续性合同中的任意解除权和服务合同中的任意解除权,虽然其背后的利益关系相同,但其制度目的和规范构成存在明显区别。对于不定期继续性合同中的任意解除权,《民法典》新增加了统合性的规范,有助于对涉及这类解除权的具体规范予以融贯的解释。服务合同中的任意解除权在《民法典》中隐而不彰,只有规范表述不完全相同的具体规范而无统合规范,但通过对具体规范的修改,《民法典》提供了有无对价、解除主体、赔偿范围、规范性质等工具,运用这些工具有助于将具体规范予以统合,构建出服务合同中任意解除权的一般性规范和类型化解释方案。因此,《民法典》对任意解除权提供了“外部区分而内部统合”的规范萌芽。In the Civil Code,there are two different kinds of discretionary rights to terminate,including the discretionary rights to terminate continuous contracts for indefinite period and the discretionary rights to terminate service contracts.There are obvious differences in the purpose of institution and in the constitution of norms,although they share the same underlying interests.As for the discretionary rights to terminate continuous contracts for indefinite period,the Civil Code provides a new integrated norm,which is helpful for integrated interpretation of the specific norms related to such rights to terminate.The discretionary rights to terminate service contracts are hidden in the Civil Code,which only provides specific norms that have different expressions,but does not provide integrated norms.However,through the modification of specific norms,the Civil Code provides tools such as judging whether there is consideration,the subject of the right to terminate,the extent of compensation,and the nature of norms.The use of these tools helps integrate the specific norms,and build general norms and classified interpretative scheme of the discretionary rights to terminate service contracts.Therefore,as to the discretionary rights to terminate,the Civil Code has laid down the foundation for"external separation and internal integration".

关 键 词：任意解除权 继续性合同 服务合同 民法典 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]