黄土高原耐旱苔藓护坡机制试验研究  

Experimental research on the mechanism of bryophyte slope protection on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：赵海燕 谌文武[2] 殷坤龙[1] 郭子正[1] Zhao Hai-yan;ChenWen-wu;Yin Kun-long;Guo Zi-zheng(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment,School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学工程学院,武汉430074 [2]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期162-168,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB744701)。

摘　　要：探讨苔藓植物对黄土坡面的保护机制,室内进行苔藓植物的截水、复水、透水试验,探索耐旱苔藓的吸水能力、蓄水特点以及失水特征.模拟不同降雨条件下雨水冲刷和雨滴击溅实验,研究耐旱苔藓抗冲刷、溅蚀的能力.结果表明:相比于冰草、马尼拉草,耐旱苔藓的吸水量提高3~7倍;失水速率匀速缓慢.耐旱苔藓能有效屏蔽雨滴击溅作用,屏蔽效果随着覆盖度增大而增强,覆盖度为100%的坡面能完全屏蔽击溅作用.在相同环境中,耐旱苔藓坡面水分累计下渗深度比无覆盖的裸土坡面提高约2倍.降雨环境中,耐旱苔藓通过植物体拦截、细胞吸水储存大量水分,同时削弱雨滴溅蚀保护土粒结构,减缓土壤结皮形成速率,增加水分下渗量,对黄土坡面起到防护作用.In order to explore the protective mechanism of bryophytes on loess slopes, experiments on cutting water, repeating water absorption and water penetration were conducted in laboratory to understand the capacities of moss in absorbing and storing water, as well as the characteristics of water loss. Simulation tests of rainfall erosion and raindrop flush under different rainfall conditions were conducted to study the capability of drought-resistant moss to resist erosion and splashing. The results showed that, compared with Bing grass and Manila grass, the water absorption of drought-tolerant moss increased by 3-7 times and its rate of water loss was even and slow. The raindrop splashing action was effectively shielded by drought-tolerant moss, the shielding effect was enhanced with the increase of the drought-tolerant moss coverage, and the splashing action was completely shielded when the drought-tolerant moss coverage reached 100%. In the same environment, the cumulative infiltration depth of the slope with droughttolerant moss coverage was about 2 times higher than that slope without any coverage. In the rainfall environment, the protection of drought-tolerant mosses on slopes was mainly achieved through heading off water by plant body and absorbing water by cells to store a large amount of water and, at the same time, protecting the soil structure by weakening the raindrops, palliating the rate of soil crust formation and increasing the water infiltration depth.

关 键 词：藓植物 草本植物 保土蓄水 击溅作用 抗冲刷能力 

分 类 号：TU444[建筑科学—岩土工程]