欧盟离“再工业化”还有多远?——欧盟“再工业化”战略进展与成效评估  

How Far is EU from Re-industrialization:An Evaluation on the Progress and Effectiveness of the EU's Re-industrialization Strategy

作　　者：孙彦红[1,2] 吕成达 Sun Yanhong;LüChengda(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing;University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所 [2]中国社会科学院科技政策研究室 [3]中国社会科学院大学研究生院欧洲系

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2020年第4期147-159,共13页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

摘　　要：近年来“再工业化”成为欧美发达国家经济政策的优先方向,欧盟2012年发布的“再工业化”战略更是备受关注。文章基于一个量化分析框架对该战略的进展与成效做出评估后指出,该战略取得了一些成绩,但是尚未有实质性进展。首先,欧盟要实现到2020年将制造业增加值占GDP比重提升至20%的目标几乎不可能,其制造业内部结构也未明显优化;其次,工业投资增势不稳使得该战略的政策传导渠道不够畅通;再次,公共部门与企业研发创新活动仍明显“脱节”是造成研发支出增长低于预期的重要原因,这使得该战略的核心支柱并不稳固;最后,德国制造业“一枝独秀”,但仍不易摆脱“能力陷阱”。未来欧盟要继续推进“再工业化”并以此提升整体经济竞争力仍须逾越诸多障碍。Re-industrialization has become the priority direction of economic policies of the developed countries in Europe and America in recent years,and the re-industrialization strategy initiated by the EU in 2012 has attracted widespread attention.After evaluating the progress and effectiveness of the strategy based on a quantitative analytical framework,this paper points out that the strategy has achieved some positive results,but no substantial progress has been made.Firstly,it's almost impossible for the EU to achieve its goal of increasing the ratio of manufacturing value added to GDP to 20%by 2020,and the internal structure of its manufacturing has not been significantly improved.Secondly,the unstable growth of industrial investment has made the strategy's policy transmission channels not smooth enough.Thirdly,the public sector and business sector are still distinctly disconnected in R&D and innovation activities,which is an important reason for the lower-than-expected growth of R&D expenditures and then makes the core pillar of the strategy unstable.Finally,German manufacturing is outshining others,but it's still not easy to get rid of the competency trap.In the future,the EU has to overcome many obstacles in continuing to promote re-industrialization and improve its overall economic competitiveness.

关 键 词：欧盟 再工业化 产业战略 竞争力 创新 

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