我国农业补贴政策的多维效应剖析与机制检验  

Multidimensional Effect Analysis and Mechanism Test of Agricultural Subsidy Policy in China

作　　者：孙博文 SUN Bo-wen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所 [2]中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心

出　　处：《改革》2020年第8期102-116,共15页Reform

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“农村水环境问题的经济机理分析与管理创新制度研究”(10BJY064);国家社会科学基金青年项目“环境规制对僵尸企业形成影响机制与异质性研究”(19CJY028);中国博士后科学基金面上项目“高质量发展下市场分割影响绿色增长的机制与效应研究”(2018M630004)。

摘　　要：作为农业支持保护制度的重要政策工具,农业补贴政策在实现粮食增产和促进农民增收上发挥了重要作用,但部分“黄箱”补贴的存在可能通过扭曲市场资源配置而加剧农业污染。研究结果表明:总体上,农业补贴促进了粮食增产和农民增收,但加剧了农业面源污染,农业补贴政策面临着多重目标实现的激励困境;农业补贴通过提高农业生产要素(农业机械、农药、化肥)投入水平而促进了粮食增产,具有降低农业劳动力投入的“要素替代效应”,但不存在通过扩大粮食种植规模而促进增产的渠道;农业补贴的收入增长效应是通过生产性收入和工资性收入增加的渠道来实现的;在种植结构“趋粮化”的背景下,农业补贴通过提高粮食作物种植比例的“逆向结构效应”加剧了污染,但规模效应与技术效应均不显著。As an important policy tool of agricultural support and protection system,agricultural subsidy policy plays an important role in increasing grain production and increasing farmers’income.However,some“yellow box”subsidies may aggravate agricultural pollution by distorting the allocation of market resources.The results show that:on the whole,agricultural subsidies promote grain production and farmers’income,but aggravate agricultural non-point source pollution;agricultural subsidy policy is faced with incentive dilemma of multiple objectives.Agricultural subsidies promote grain production by increasing the input level of agricultural production factors(agricultural machinery,pesticides,chemical fertilizers),which has the“factor substitution effect”of reducing agricultural labor input,but there is no channel to promote the increase of grain production by expanding the scale of grain planting.The income growth effect of agricultural subsidies is realized through the increase of productive income and wage income.Under the background of“grain oriented”planting structure,agricultural subsidies aggravate the pollution by increasing the proportion of grain crops,but the scale effect and technical effect are not significant.

关 键 词：农业补贴 农业面源污染 农业高质量发展 

分 类 号：F320[经济管理—产业经济]