春季低温对小麦颖果发育的影响  

Effect of Late Spring Coldness on Caryopsis Development of Wheat

作　　者：余徐润 郝朵 顾清钦 倪爱淳 夏敏洁 臧勇 熊飞 YU Xurun;HAO Duo;GU Qingqin;NI Aichun;XIA Minjie;ZANG Yong;XIONG Fei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学教育部农业与农场品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2020年第7期796-805,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801269,31701351);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20170497,BK20180275);中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M642332);江苏省高等自然科学研究项目(17KJD180007)。

摘　　要：为了探明春季低温(倒春寒)导致小麦减产的细胞学机理,以扬麦15为材料,在小麦幼穗处于雌雄蕊分化期至药隔期之间时,设置-3℃低温处理,通过树脂半薄切片对颖果不同发育时期的形态结构进行观察。结果表明:(1)在颖果发育早期,低温促进了颖果的长度生长,抑制了宽度生长;与对照相比,低温处理组小麦颖果发育进程缩短;(2)低温处理组颖果果皮发育早,中果皮降解速度快;(3)低温处理增加了胚乳淀粉体的积累量,降低了蛋白体的积累量,发育后期胚乳充实度显著低于对照组;(4)与对照相比,低温处理后颖果韧皮部面积和珠心突起传递细胞面积增大。以上结果表明,春季低温处理更有利于养分运输组织的发育,使得灌浆时间缩短,最终导致淀粉积累量增加及颖果早熟。In order to clarify the cytological mechanism of wheat yield reduction caused by low temperature in spring(late spring coldness),the wheat variety Yangmai 15 was used as experimental material in this study.The young spikes of wheat were treated with a low temperature of-3℃when the spike differentiation was between the pistil and stamen differentiation stage and the connective stage.Observation of the morphological structure at different developmental stages showed that:At the early stage of caryopsis development,low temperature promoted the length growth but inhibited the width growth of caryopsis;Compared with the control group,the developmental process of wheat caryopsis under the low temperature treatment was shortened.The pericarp of caryopsis developed earlier under the low temperature treatment,and the mesocarp degraded quickly.Low temperature treatment increased the accumulation of endosperm amyloplast but decreased the accumulation of protein body.The endosperm plumpness at the later stage of development was significantly lower than that in the control group.Compared with the control group,the area of phloem and nucellar process transfer cell increased after low temperature treatment.The above results indicate that low temperature treatment in spring is more conducive to the development of nutrient transport tissues,shortened the grain filling time,and eventually led to an increase in starch accumulation and early maturity of wheat caryopsis.

关 键 词：小麦 颖果 淀粉体 蛋白体 发育 低温 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330