生草对桃园土壤及桃果实品质的影响  

Effects of sod culture on fruit quality and soil in peach orchard

作　　者：胡枫 杨熠路 倪照君[1] 田传正 卢炫羽 高志红[1] Hu Feng;Yang Yilu;Ni Zhaojun;Tian Chuanzheng;Lu Xuanyu;Gao Zhihong(Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《江苏林业科技》2020年第3期31-37,共7页Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：江苏现代农业桃产业体系建设专项资金项目(JATS[2018]297);南京农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划“生草和覆盖对桃果实品质和根际微生物的影响”(1914A06)。

摘　　要：为了研究桃园行间生草对桃园土壤和果实品质的影响,在南京农业大学白马教学园区,桃园中,分别以行间播种黑麦草和紫花苜蓿作为处理,以清耕为对照,测定不同生草模式下桃园果实品质和不同土层土壤有机质、营养元素、酶活性等指标。结果表明:2种生草处理均能改善桃园土壤状态,其中紫花苜蓿和黑麦草处理后20—40 cm土层中的土壤有机质含量分别提高了31%和40%。生草处理下果园土壤氮素有所下降,不同土层下降程度不同;但磷、钾及其他微量元素含量却显著上升,增量视草种不同而异;与清耕对照相比,黑麦草的全磷和全钾的含量上升了40%和18%,以黑麦草处理的全磷含量最高,为1.13 g/kg,以黑麦草处理的全钾含量最高,为17.31 g/kg。与清耕相比,行间生草显著增加了桃果实单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量、VC和可滴定酸含量,紫花苜蓿与黑麦草处理下的可溶性固形物含量分别提升了32%和16%;紫花苜蓿和黑麦草处理下的VC含量分别提升了46%和51%;紫花苜蓿和黑麦草处理下的可溶性糖含量分别提升18.5%和11.15%;紫花苜蓿和黑麦草处理下的可滴定酸含量分别提升了29%和37%,以黑麦草处理的可滴定酸含量最高,达到0.33%。但生草对果实硬度和果形指数未见显著影响。综上所述,生草对桃园土壤的改善和桃果实品质有积极的作用。In order to study the effects of sod culture on soil and fruit quality in orchard,experiments were carried out in Baima Teaching Park of Nanjing Agricultural University.With ryegrass and alfalfa interplant,the fruit quality and soil indexes of different soil layers were measured in different sod culture modes in peach orchard with clearance as control.The results showed that the soil condition of the garden could be improved by two cultures.The contents of soil organic matter in 20—40 cm soil layer with alfalfa interplant were increased by 31%,and with ryegrass,by 40%.But the soil total N of orchard got decreased,with different degrees of decline in different soil layers while the contents of total P,total K and other trace elements got increased significantly,with the increment varied according to grass species.Compare to control,the contents of soil total P and total K with ryegrass interplant got increased by 40%(1.13 g/kg)and 18%(17.31 g/kg).Compared with clearance,sod culture significantly increased single fruit weight,soluble solids,soluble sugar content,VC and titratable acid content of peach fruit,with the soluble solids content in the fruit increased by 32%with alfalfa interplant and by 16%with ryegrass,VC content by 46%and 51%,the soluble sugar content by 18.5%and 11.15%,and the titratable acid content by 29%and 37%respectively.Interestingly,there was no significant effect on fruit hardness and shape index.In conclusion,the growth of grass has a positive effect on the improvement of soil and fruit quality.

关 键 词：桃园 生草 土壤 养分 土壤酶 果实品质 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] S153.621[农业科学—农业基础科学]