硅对干旱胁迫下燕麦幼苗光合和生理特性的影响  

Effects of Silicon on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Oat Seedlings under Drought Stress

作　　者：张杰 闫志坚[1] 尹强[1] 王慧[1] 万永青[3] 于洁[1,2] 孟元发[1,2] 王育青 ZHANG Jie;YAN Zhi-jian;YIN Qiang;WANG Hui;WAN Yong-qing;YU Jie;MENG Yuan-fa;WANG Yu-qing(Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Hohhot 010010,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China;College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院/内蒙古自治区植物逆境生理与分子生物学重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2020年第4期50-55,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系鄂尔多斯综合试验站(CARS-34);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0500605);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国农业科学院草原研究所1610332018002)。

摘　　要：以偏硅酸钠为外源物质,用25%聚乙二醇模拟干旱胁迫甜燕Ⅰ号燕麦,研究硅对干旱胁迫下燕麦幼苗光合和生理特性的影响。结果表明,10mmol/L Na2SiO3·9H2O显著(P<0.05)提高了干旱胁迫下燕麦幼苗叶片净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、最小初始荧光、暗适应下最大荧光、最大光化学效率、性能指数,显著(P<0.05)降低了叶片和根系丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性,显著(P<0.05)降低了叶片可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著(P<0.05)提高了根系可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性;显著(P<0.05)降低了叶中氮、钙含量,提高了叶中磷、钾、硅含量。总之,施用外源硅能提高干旱胁迫下燕麦幼苗光合作用,提高抗氧化和渗透调节能力,缓解干旱胁迫对燕麦幼苗的伤害。In order to explore the effect of exogenous silicon on the photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of oat seedlings under drought stress, the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of Tianyan No.1 oat were analyzed under hydroponic conditions with sodium metasilicate as exogenous silicon material and 25% polyethylene glycol 6000 as simulated drought stress. The results showed that 10 mmol/L Na2SiO3·9 H2O treatment significantly increased(P<0.05) net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll, the basis fluorescence, the max fluorescence, the maximum quantum efficiency photochemistry and performance index PIABS, and significantly decreased MDA, proline content and peroxidase activitie in leaves and roots. The soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase activities in leaves were significantly decreased, but the contents in roots were significantly increased;the contents of nitrogen and calcium in leaves were significantly decreased, while the contents of phosphorus, potassium and silicon were significantly increased. In conclusion, exogenous silicon can improve photosynthesis, antioxidant and osmotic adjustment ability of oat seedlings under droughts stress, and alleviate the damage of drought stress on oat seedlings.

关 键 词：硅 干旱胁迫 燕麦幼苗 光合 生理指标 

分 类 号：S543.7[农业科学—作物学]