基于锆铪溶剂萃取分离的萃取剂性能  

Performance of Various Extractants for Zirconium and Hafnium Separation by Solvent Extraction

作　　者：王俊莲 付家帅 许文 王化军[1] Wang Junlian;Fu Jiashuai;Xu Wen;Wang Huajun(Civil and Resource Engineering School,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《稀有金属》2020年第6期658-667,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51974026);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1900604)资助。

摘　　要：溶剂萃取法是目前分离核级锆铪的主要方法。已工业化核级锆铪萃取分离技术MIBK(methyl isobutyl ketone,甲基异丁基酮)-硫氰化氢(HSCN)法、TBP(tributyl phosphate,磷酸三丁酯)-HNO3法和TOA(trioctyl amine,三辛基胺)-H2SO4法均存在不足。学者们一直在努力研究和开发新的萃取剂,以实现核级锆铪的绿色高效分离。总结了自2000年来基于锆铪分离的萃取剂性能研究。按照萃取剂的结构特征将其分为中性萃取剂、酸性萃取剂和胺类萃取剂。中性萃取剂包括酮类萃取剂DIBK(diisobutyl ketone,二异丁基酮)和三烷基氧膦类萃取剂TOPO(trioctyl phosphine oxide,三辛基氧化膦)/Cyanex 921,Cyanex 923&Cyanex 925。酸性萃取剂包括有机磷/膦酸类萃取剂P204,P507,Cyanex 272,硫代膦酸类萃取剂Cyanex301,Cyanex 302,羟肟酸类萃取剂LIX 63,LIX 84-IC和羧酸类萃取剂Versatic acid 10。将含氨基基团的萃取剂均归于胺类萃取剂,包括季铵盐类萃取剂Aliquat 336,三烷基胺类萃取剂Alamine 300/TOA,Alamine 336,Alamine 308和TEHA(tri(2-ethylhexyl)amine,三(2-乙基己基)胺),含氨基的磷酸酯类萃取剂BEAP(bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1-(2-ethylhexylamino)propylphosphonate,二(2-乙基己基)-1-(2-乙基己基氨基)丙基磷酸酯),双酰胺荚蒾类萃取剂TODGA(N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyldiglycolamide,N,N,N’,N’-四辛基-3-氧杂戊二酰胺)和异唑酮类萃取剂HPBI(3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone,3-苯基-4-苯甲酰基-5-异唑酮)、HTBI(3-phenyl-4-(4-toluoyl)-5-isoxazolone,3-苯基-4-(4-甲苯酰基)-5-异唑酮)、HFBTI(3-phenyl-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-5-isoxazolone,3-苯基-4-(4-氟代苯甲酰基)-5-异唑酮)。介绍了各类萃取剂萃取分离锆铪的主要性能及优缺点。Solvent extraction has always been the main Zr/Hf separation method.However,all the existing industrialized Zr/Hf solvent extraction separation methods,namely MIBK(methyl isobutyl ketone)-HSCN,TBP(tributylphosphate)-HNO3 and TOA(trioctylamine)-H2SO4 have shortages.To realize Zr/Hf environment-friendly and efficient separation,novel extractants have always been studied.This paper summarized the studies of extractants on Zr/Hf separation since 2000.All the extractants were classified into three groups according to their structural characteristics.They were neutral extractants,acidic extractants and amine-based extractants.The neutral extractants included the ketone DIBK(diisobutyl ketone)and the trialkylphosphine oxides TOPO(trioctyl phosphine oxide)/Cyanex 921,Cyanex 923 and Cyanex 925.The acidic extractants included the organophosphoric/phosphonic/phosphinic acids P204,P507 and Cyanex 272,the thiosubstituted phosphinic acids Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302,the hydroximic acids LIX 63,LIX 84-IC and the carboxylic acid Versatic acid 10.As to the amine-based extractant,it refered to all the extractans that contained amino group in this paper,concluding the quaternary ammonium salt Aliquat 336,the trialkylamines Alamine 300/TOA,Alamine 336,Alamine308 andtri(2-ethylhexyl)amine(TEHA),the neutral organophosphorous compound containing the amino groupbis(2-ethylhexyl)-1-(2-ethylhexylamino)propylphosphonate(BEAP),the amido podand N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyldiglycolamide(TODGA)and the isoxazolones 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone(HPBI),3-phenyl-4-(4-toluoyl)-5-isoxazolone(HTBI)and 3-phenyl-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-5-isoxazolone(HFBTI).Their Zr/Hf separation performance and the main advantages and disadvantages were summarized.

关 键 词：锆 铪 萃取剂 溶剂萃取 分离 

分 类 号：O652.62[理学—分析化学] TFS04.2[理学—化学]