湿法冶金提取分离铜镍技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Extraction and Separation of Copper and Nickel in Hydrometallurgy

作　　者：段亨攀 刘红盼 杨项军[2] Duan hengpan;Liu Hongpan;Yang Xiangjun(School of Material and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Chongqing 402160,China;School of Chemical Science and Technology,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆文理学院材料与化工学院,重庆402160 [2]云南大学化学科学与工程学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《稀有金属》2020年第5期547-554,共8页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51464044);重庆文理学院项目(2017YCH37,2017RCH07)资助。

摘　　要：随着低品位铜镍伴生矿和二次资源逐渐成为铜镍冶金原料的重要组成,使得冶金过程中金属与杂质、金属与金属之间的纯化分离更加复杂。目前,湿法冶金技术以相对经济和环保优势,在铜镍提取、分离领域一直备受关注,本文从"浸出和萃取"两个过程阐述了国内外湿法冶金提取分离铜镍技术的研究进展。首先介绍了酸浸、氨浸和生物浸出等不同浸出介质对铜镍浸出效率的作用情况,并对各浸出方法的优缺点进行了总结和对比。指出氨浸出可利用氨与原料中铜镍离子络合,实现高选择性浸出、杂质少、便于后续的纯化富集,是未来绿色铜镍冶金的发展方向。同时,综述了不同浸出体系下混合铜镍之间萃取分离的作用机制以及对应的研究现状,着重分析了氨浸体系中铜镍二者高效萃取分离所面临的挑战和未来研究方向,尤其是开发高选择性萃取分离技术,以促进铜镍湿法冶金的研究和工业应用。With the low grade associated ore and secondary resources gradually becoming the important materials composition of copper and nickel metallurgy,separation of the metal from impurities became more complicated.Hydrometallurgy of extraction-separation of copper and nickel was paid wide attention due to the economical and environmental benefits.In this paper,the research progress of copper-nickel extraction and separation was reviewed through the process of leaching and extraction.Firstly,the effects of different leaching media such as acid leaching,ammonia leaching and biological leaching on the leaching efficiency of copper and nickel were introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of these leaching methods were summarized and compared.It was pointed out that ammonia leaching was the potential direction for the future copper-nickel extraction owing to forming complexation of ammonia with copper and nickel to achieve high selectivity leaching with few impurities and facilitate subsequent purification and enrichment.Furthermore,the mechanism of separation of copper and nickel under the different leaching system as well as the corresponding research situation were reviewed.The paper focused on the present challenges and future research directions of high efficiency separation of copper and nickel in ammonia leaching system.It could be expected to promote research and industrial applications of copper-nickel separation by developing the high selectivity separation technology.

关 键 词：湿法冶金 浸出 萃取 铜镍分离 

分 类 号：TF81[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]