我国法庭科学标准的现状与问题研究  

China Forensic Science Standards:Current Situation and Problems

作　　者：翟晚枫[1] 张宁[1] 花锋[1] 韩柯[1] 谢群[1] ZHAI Wanfeng;ZHANG Ning;HUA Feng;HAN Ke;XIE Qun(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2020年第4期341-347,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0807304);北京市科技新星计划(Z191100001119039);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2018JB031)。

摘　　要：法庭科学标准化工作已在我国开展逾30年,标准体系初步形成,标准质量持续提升,应用范围不断扩大,标准化意识普遍提高。但是,一些问题和不足也逐渐显现。本文通过对我国法庭科学领域标准现状的研究,分析了标准质量、结构和标准实施中存在的问题及成因,对于标准适用性、协调性、科学依据、文本编写、结构分布、颗粒度、衔接等方面的问题以及执行率较低、宣贯力度不够、实施监督不到位、应用效果不明显等不足之处,提出强化标准质量观和需求导向,提高标准研制能力和水平,加强对标准制修订过程的质量控制,提升标准布局的科学性,加快更新维护和清理整合,合理确定标准化对象颗粒度,提高标准覆盖率,推进综合标准化,强化标准实施监督,推进地方标准和团体标准治理等措施建议,以期为法庭科学标准化工作的开展提供借鉴和参考。Forensic science standardization has been carrying out in China for more than 30 years,leaving series of successful achievements:the initially formed standard system,the continuously improving quality of standards,the gradually expanding scope of application,and the nationwide generally lifting awareness of standardization.The forensic science standards are truly assisting to China’s law enforcement and judicial practice,improving the cognition and level on standardization and normalization of relevant institutions and professionals.However,problems and deficiencies have also gradually emerged.Through scrutiny into the current situation of forensic science standards in China,the analysis was here conducted into the problems of standards about the quality,structure and implementation,with discussion being made on the reasons,and suggestions put forward for reference and assistance.The uncovered problems were specified at weak applicability,insufficient coordination and scientificity,nonstandard text compilation,unreasonable structural distribution,inappropriate specification of standardized objects,incoherent inter-standard linkage,low implementation rate,ineligible propagandization,inadequate supervision,and poor application effect.Thus,the importance should be highly attached to strengthen the quality concept and demand orientation,improve the ability and level of developing standards,enforce the quality control over the process of standard lifecycle management,enhance the scientificity of standard layout,accelerate the renewal and integration of standards,reasonably determine the specification and classification of standardization objects,consummate the standard coverage,and promote comprehensive standardization.Consequently,propositions were hence referred to elevating publicity,training and technical support;establishing and improving information feedback,effect evaluation and implementation supervision mechanism;and advancing the actualization of standards through compliance to laws and regulations and cer

关 键 词：法庭科学 标准 现状 问题 对策 

分 类 号：DF795[医药卫生—法医学]