威权与“治法”:1943年国民政府的礼制建设及其挫折  

Authoritarianism and“Rule of Law”:the Construction of Etiquette System and Its Frustration of the Nanjing National Government in 1943

作　　者：李俊领[1] LI Jun-ling

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《北方论丛》2020年第5期73-84,共12页The Northern Forum

摘　　要：礼仪制度是国民政府进行国家治理的制度建设项目之一。1943年,随着抗战之国际形势好转,这项制度建设在久经"悬置"后重新开启,切合蒋介石建设新"礼义之邦"的文明理想。在其指示下,内政部、教育部与考试院先后执掌制礼的主导权,但三部院高官因权力矛盾与意见分歧而貌合神离,暗中角逐。是年,考试院院长戴季陶以兼顾中外礼仪文明为准则,主持拟出《中华民国礼制草案》,然而,蒋因该草案不合己意,拖而不决,使礼制建设再遭挫折。这表明抗战时期国民政府的礼制建设陷入了高层权威与"治法"之顶层设计互相牵绊的困境。蒋、戴等政要在文化权威与政治权威上各用其势,促使国民党派系政治更为复杂,礼制建设最终功败垂成。The etiquette system is one of the institutional construction projects of national government. In 1943, the system construction ushered in a turning point after a long period of stagnation, with the improvement of the international situation during the period of the Anti-Japanese War, which was in line with Chiang Kai-shek’s civilized ideal of building a new state of propriety and righteousness. Under the instruction of Chiang Kai-shek, senior officials of the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Education and the examination institute successively held the dominant power in formulating the etiquette system. However, they seemed to be divorced from each other and fought secretly from one another due to the power contradictions and differences of ideas. The Ritual of State Draft was drafted by Dai Jitao, which took the etiquette civilization at home and abroad as the criterion. However, it was not affirmed by Chiang Kai-shek because it was not in line with his ideas, which led to another setback in the construction of the etiquette system. This shows that the construction of the etiquette system of the national government was in a dilemma during the Anti-Japanese War, because the high-level authority and the top-level design of "rule of law" were intertwined. Chiang Kai-shek, Dai Jitao and other political figures used their power in cultural authority and political authority respectively, which made the factional politics of the KMT more complicated, and the construction of the etiquette system was finally defeated.

关 键 词：礼仪制度 抗战建国 蒋介石 派系政治 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]