驱瘟与求嗣:海口府城元宵换香习俗的历史考据--中原传统交汇在海上丝路的年节民俗  

Demon Exorcizing and Succession Prayer-Historic Evidence for Incense Stick Exchange in Haikou’s Castle at the Lantern Festival:Folk Custom from Central China on the Maritime Silk Road

作　　者：王琛发 WANG Chenfa

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学,福建漳州363000 [2]马来西亚道理书院

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期36-74,共39页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“海南‘村人’的村落民族志研究”[项目编号:19AZD029];中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所“海口市琼山区‘琼台复兴计划’之文化遗产专项研究”2017-2019年度项目的子课题“多样性的宗教信仰:口述历史与集体记忆”。

摘　　要：海南府城元宵传统的换香习俗,其实源于南北朝演变至宋代的中原元宵习俗,内容包括街巷邻里主动聚合一起放花灯、烟火爆竹、办上元会场、添丁家庭在本境公祠上花灯宴客,还有就是各家各户妇孺和少年男女到户外偷青、赏灯、游城墙、走百病等,构成互相联系于一体的丰富多彩面貌。并且,因府城自宋代置郡建城,一直作为历朝南方丝路港口都市,既依赖包括民间私运蓬勃所带来的对外经贸繁华,又得应付地方春季气候面临船舰与外商可能带来的各种传染疾病,加上此地本是香料产地,也接近南海各地香料来源,以致现在海口府城不仅延续了上述元宵习俗传统,还形成本地俗称“驳香”的特殊习俗,进一步表达了元宵节强调的驱瘟、添丁与团圆等祈福意愿。当晚,民众从出门到走入城中心,参与上述元宵夜的各种热闹项目,贯穿着一路上遇到他人相互交换香火,互祝“财旺丁旺”的过程,最后又把换回的香插在睡房床下“奶婆炉”,祈求本年添丁、儿女成长成才。全城百姓也由此建构相互认同,意识到他们互相属于海口府城这个由家庭、街坊、城市层层互构的共同体。The custom of incense stick changing in Haikou's Castle at the Lantern Festival actually originated from Central China,dating back to the eras from South and North Dynasties to Song Dynasty.The main contents include neighborhood's lantern celebration,lighting of firecrackers,festival forum,banquets in the homes of new births,lovers'dating,temple visits with incense sticks,and prayers for illness removal.Haikou's Castle,founded in Song Dynasty,was once an important port on the Maritime Silk Road,where spices from local and Southeast Asian areas were important goods.At the Lantern Festival,the local people would exchange incense sticks,made of spices,in the hope of offspring prosperity.This common awareness has been an important cohesive for them in terms of family,community and the whole city.

关 键 词：商贸港口城市 走百病 丁酒 上元会场 驳香 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]