海岸植物带对孤立波的波能耗散研究  

Solitary Wave Energy Dissipation by Coastal Vegetation

作　　者：龚尚鹏 陈杰[1,2,3] 蒋昌波 何飞[1] 李佳徽 GONG Shang-peng;CHEN Jie;JIANG Chang-bo;HE Fei;LI Jia-hui(School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China;Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River-Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [3]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [4]湖南省环境保护河湖疏浚污染控制工程技术中心,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2020年第3期522-531,共10页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目——基于数据挖掘的南海岛礁演变机制及多尺度模拟预测技术研究(51839002);国家自然科学基金项目——海啸洪水作用下的水沙运动规律及砂质岸滩响应机制研究(51979014);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目重点资助项目——基于定量遥感的洞庭湖湿地芦苇对湖泊水动力特性影响研究(18A123);湖南省研究生科研创新项目——基于数据挖掘的植物消浪研究(CX2018B552)。

摘　　要：为揭示近岸植物对孤立波的消减机制,利用物理模型实验探究了不同水深、入射波高和植物密度下植物模型与孤立波的相互作用机理。研究结果表明:树根、树冠和整株植物模型波能耗散系数范围分别为0.003~0.036,0.010~0.110和0.020~0.130;植物树根和树冠具有不同的消减孤立波机制,其中树冠对孤立波的消减起主要作用;波能耗散系数随相对波高增大而增大;植物模型的波能耗散系数小于其各组分波能耗散系数的线性叠加;当植物消波时,植物各组分之间存在反协同效应,且反协同效应随相对波高的增大而增强;波能耗散系数随雷诺数的增大而增大,当根部或冠部分布密度较小时,耗散系数与雷诺数的敏感度更高。研究结果可为沿海地区人工防浪林的设计提供一定参考。To reveal solitary wave attenuation by coastal vegetation,the interaction mechanism between solitary wave and vegetation model is experimentally studied by means of vegetation models under the conditions of different water depth,incident wave height and plant density.The results show that the wave energy dissipation coefficients of the roots,the crowns and the whole plant are in the range of 0.003~0.036,0.010~0.110 and 0.020~0.130,respectively.The roots and crowns of the plant are different in the mechanism of solitary wave energy dissipation,of which the crowns of the plant play a major part in the solitary wave energy dissipation.The wave energy dissipation coefficients of the vegetation increase with the relative wave height and those of the vegetation model are less than the linear superposition of the wave energy dissipation coefficients of its components.When plant dissipates the waves,an anti-synergistic effect occurs between the components of the plant and can be enhanced with the increase of relative wave height.The wave energy dissipation coefficients of the plant increase with the increasing of Reynolds number.If the roots or crowns of the plant are distributed densely,their wave energy dissipation coefficients are even more sensitive to the Reynolds number.These results are of guidance for designing artificial wave protection forest in coastal areas.

关 键 词：孤立波 海岸植物带 树根 树冠 波能耗散系数 雷诺数 反协同效应 

分 类 号：P731.22[天文地球—海洋科学] U656.311[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]