道教南宗白玉蟾“道心论”考述  

Textual Research on the Southern Lineage Daoist Bai Yuchan s“Dao-xin Theory”

作　　者：盖建民 Gai Jianmin

机构地区：[1]四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2020年第7期58-68,129,共12页Philosophical Research

基　　金：教育部基地重大项目“明清以来道教南宗文献刊布传承与丹道思想文化的传播研究”(编号16JJ0730003)的阶段性成果;也受到四川大学一流学科建设“中国语言文学与中华文化全球传播学科群”的资助。

摘　　要：“道心论”是指在唐宋三教合一思潮影响下,道教南宗的创立者白玉蟾在阐释“道心”关系时所形成的一种修道证道理论,其核心是以心解道、以心释丹。“道心论”是道教南宗理论的基石,南宗关于性、神、炁、精的理论阐发皆受制于此。其理论创建集中体现在白玉蟾《蟾仙解老》中,主要有三个思想内涵:“道即心,心即道”,道心不二论;“道由心生、心由道有”,道心互化论;“道者,心之体;心者,道之用”,道心体用论。道心论涉及道心关系、身心关系和性命关系诸层次问题,其中,不二论与体用论主要是解决修道根基问题,互化论则是针对修道实践问题。通过“心”为中介,将形上之道论与形下之丹法整合起来,构建了极富特色的“道—心—丹”丹道理论模型,成为宋代道教丹法思想演进中极重要的一环。“Dao-xin theory”,initiated by Bai Yuchan,emerged out of the Three Teachings in One thought of the Tang and Song dynasties.Focused on“using xin to explain Dao and the elixir”,Dao-xin theory laid the cornerstone of the Southern Lineage of Daoism,by which the principles of“xing”,“shen”,“qi”,and“jing”were elucidated.Their theoretical foundations were primarily manifested in Bai Yuchan s Chanxian jielao,which offered three ideological implications:the sameness of Dao and xin,insofar as“Dao is xin,xin is Dao”;the interconversion of Dao and xin,as“Dao is born from xin,and xin is from Dao”;and the theory of body and function concerning Dao and xin,as“Dao is the body of xin;and xin,the use of Dao”.Dao-xin theory relates to the different relationships of Dao-xin,shen-xin,and xing-ming,among which the sameness theory and the body-function theory focus on the foundation of monastic practice,and the interconversion theory on cultivation practice.Centered on xin,the combination of theories and methods sets up the“Dao-xin-elixir”pattern as an important step in the progress of Daoism during the Song dynasty.

关 键 词：道教南宗 白玉蟾 道心论 生命哲学 

分 类 号：B956.9[哲学宗教—宗教学]