“周公居东”为“东征说”申论——基于对上古“东”的历史地理考察  

On“the Duke of Zhou’s Eastward Expansion”and“the Eastern Expedition”——Based on the Investigation About Historical Geography of the Ancient East China

作　　者：高晓军 马士远 GAO Xiao-jun;MA Shi-Yuan(College of Liberal Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Confucius Cultural Research Institute,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444 [2]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2020年第4期90-99,共10页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目:“《尚书》学研究”(18ZDA245)专项资助成果;曲阜师范大学2019年研究生学位论文科研创新资助项目:“《尚书·周书》地名考释与殷周间史实研究”(LWCXS201907)成果之一。

摘　　要：《尚书·金縢》"周公居东"的理解应以"东征说"为准,但关注"东征说"的诸家缺少对"东"的关注。"周公居东"之"东"应为区域地名,非单纯指代方向。起初,"东"的范围靠近今河南、河北、山东交界处,其后周王朝的东进使得这一区域开始逐渐向东方延展,最后至海滨地区。通过列举与"周公东征"主题相关的铜器铭文,并按照一定顺序加以联系,可知"周公"的行军路线是以关中、东都洛邑、朝歌、三监故地、成、奄、薄姑等为主线的,这条前进路线与经典中"东"的范围极为切近,区域"东"为前后联动的中转站,前后呼应、横贯东西,最终助力周公完成东征大业。"东"所具有的战略地位在秦汉之后亦有显现,秦汉时期"东郡"的设立与先秦"东"有密切关系,而"东郡"在秦统一六国中发挥了巨大的作用。由此"周公居东"之"居东"应解释为"东征"。The Duke of Zhou’s eastward expansion should be built on the theory of eastern expedition in Shang Shu·Jin Teng(in Chinese Pinyin),but this theory has aroused very little attention among scholars.In the Duke of Zhou’s time,east(dong in Chinese Pinyin)should be a regional place name,rather than not simply a direction.At first,east referred to the boundary of today’s Henan Province,Hebei Province and Shandong Province.Afterwards,the eastward expansion of the Zhou Dynasty made this place extended eastward and further up to the seaside region.Based on the bronze inscriptions,related to the Duke of Zhou’s eastward expansion,and their associations and in accordance with a time order,it could be seen that the main route of the Duke of Zhou’s eastward expansion was along the Guanzhong Plain,the capital city of Luoyi,Zhaoge,Sanjian Gudi(the old places of three supervisors),Cheng,Yan,Bogu,etc.This march route was very close to the scope of east,the regional east was the transfer station,linking front and back and spanning form east to west,finally contributed to the Duke of Zhou’s fulfillment of eastward expansion.East,as a strategic position,became apparent after Qin and Han dynasties.The establishment of Dongjun was closely relevant to East in the Per-qin Period.Dongjun played a significant role at the time when Qin Dynasty unified the six countries,therefore,the Duke of Zhou’s eastward expansion could be interpreted as"eastern expedition".

关 键 词：“周公居东” “东” 区域地名 东征 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]