文冠果粕替代豆粕对21~42日龄肉鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Replacement of Soybean Meal with Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.Meal on Growth Performance and Cecal Microbiota Structure of Broilers from 21 to 42 Days of Age

作　　者：张云龙 郑卫江[1] 姚文[1,2] ZHANG Yunlong;ZHENG Weijiang;YAO Wen(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Health,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry,Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学消化道生物实验室,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学农业部动物生理生化重点开放实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第8期3624-3635,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：文冠果油粕饲用价值评价研究[富优基尼生物技术(上海)有限公司]项目。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究文冠果粕替代豆粕对21~42日龄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、养分利用率、盲肠食糜短链脂肪酸组成及菌群结构的影响。选取192只21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂用文冠果粕替代50%和100%豆粕的饲粮,试验期为21 d。试验期间每周记录体重和采食量;于试验第20天采集粪样,测定养分表观利用率;于试验第21天屠宰。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,文冠果粕替代豆粕显著降低肉鸡42日龄体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05);且试验Ⅱ组肉鸡屠宰率和全净膛率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,文冠果粕替代豆粕显著降低肉鸡饲粮粗灰分表观利用率(P<0.05),且试验Ⅱ组肉鸡饲粮粗蛋白质表观利用率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,文冠果粕替代豆粕不仅显著降低肉鸡盲肠食糜中短链脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),还显著降低了盲肠食糜中真杆菌属coprostanoligenes群([Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group)和风疹菌属(Tyzzerella)的相对丰度(P <0.05);此外,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡盲肠食糜中不可培养巴氏杆菌科相关菌属(Barnesiellaceae uncultured)的相对丰度也显著降低(P<0.05),但粪杆菌属(Coprobacter)和颤杆菌属(Oscillibacter)的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,文冠果粕替代饲粮中豆粕对21~42日龄阶段肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和肠道菌群结构具有一定的负面作用;因此,肉鸡饲粮中文冠果粕替代豆粕的比例建议低于50%(占饲粮比例<14%)。The experiment investigated the effects of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.meal substitution to soybean meal on growth performance,slaughter performance,nutrient utilization,and short-chain fatty acid content and microbiota structure in cacal digesta of broilers from 21 to 42 days of age.A total of 192 Arbor Acres(AA)broilers of 21-day-old were randomly divided into three groups with 8 replicates in each group and 8 broilers(half male and half female)in each replicate.Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet,while the broilers in the experimental groupⅠand the experimental groupⅡwere fed the basal diets with 50%and 100%replacement of soybean meal with Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.meal for 21 days,respectively.During the experiment,body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly,and fecal samples were collected at the 20 th day of the experiment and the nutrient apparent utilization was determined.At the 21 st day of experiment broilers were slaughter and sampled.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the replacement of soybean meal with Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.meal significantly reduced the body weight at 42 days of age,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers(P<0.05),and the dressing percentage and eviscerated percentage of broilers in the experimental groupⅡwere significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the replacement of soybean meal with Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.meal significantly reduced the apparent utilization of ash in diets for broilers(P<0.05),and the apparent utilization of crude protein in diets for broilers in the experimental groupⅡwas significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the replacement of soybean meal with Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.meal not only significantly reduced the short-chain fatty acid content in cecal digesta of broilers(P<0.05),but also significantly reduced the relative abundances of[Eubacterium]coprostanoli

关 键 词：文冠果粕 豆粕 肉鸡 生长性能 盲肠 短链脂肪酸 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]