饲粮能量水平对围产期肉牛营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响  

Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Beef Cattle during Transition Period

作　　者：曾磊[1] 王之盛[1] 康坤[1] 薛白[1] 王立志[1] 彭全辉[1] 邹华围[1] 胡瑞[1] 张翔飞[1] 王雪莹 袁梅 欧锡均 ZENG Lei;WANG Zhisheng;KANG Kun;XUE Bai;WANG Lizhi;PENG Quanhui;ZOU Huawei;HU Rui;ZHANG Xiangfei;WANG Xueying;YUAN Mei;OU Xijun(Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture Production in Cattle in Sichuan,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Three Parallel Rivers Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650403,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,牛低碳养殖与安全生产四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]云南三江并流农业科技股份有限公司,昆明650403

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第8期3732-3741,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0502005);四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2018NZ0002);四川省高等学校重点实验室项目。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对围产期肉牛营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重[(335.7±21.6) kg]相近的妊娠后期健康西门塔尔杂交牛(西门塔尔公牛×云南本地黄牛母牛)初产母牛21头,随机分为3组(每组7个重复,每个重复1头牛),饲粮能量水平分别为1.06×NRC(高能组)、1.00×NRC(中能组)和0.94×NRC(低能组)能量需要,等氮不等能。正式试验期为产前30 d至产后30 d,共计60 d。结果表明:1)低能组饲粮可显著提高母牛围产期平均干物质采食量(ADMI)(P<0.05)。3组母牛的单位体重代谢能摄入量随着饲粮能量水平的提高而显著提高(P<0.05)。产后30 d高能组母牛比中能组和低能组少失重12.9和13.9 kg(P<0.05)。2)产前高能组母牛的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷表观消化率显著高于低能组(P<0.05)。3)产后低能组和中能组母牛血清非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)的含量显著高于高能组(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验中,高能饲粮(1.06×NRC)显著提高产前营养物质消化率和能量摄入量,减少肉牛产后30 d的失重;降低母牛产后血清NEFA和BHBA含量。因此,提高围产期饲粮能量水平(1.06×NRC)缓解了肉牛产后能量负平衡,有利于初产母牛的产后体重增加和体况恢复。The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of dietary energy levels on nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of beef cattle during transition period.Twenty-one healthy late pregnant Chinese Simmental crossbred cattle(Simmental bull×Yunnan yellow cattle)with body weight of(335.7±21.6)kg were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly.Each group was fed a high energy diet(HE)with 1.06×NRC energy requirement,medium energy diet(ME)with 1.00×NRC energy requirement or low energy diet(LE)with 0.94×NRC energy requirement,respectively.Experimental period for each cattle was from prepartum 30 d to postpartum 30 d,amounted to 60 d.Results showed as follows:1)cattle consumed LE diet had greater average dry matter intake(ADMI)when compared with ME and HE diets during transition period(P<0.05).The metabolic energy intake(MEI)per kg metabolic body weight(MBW)was significantly improved with the increasing of dietary energy(P<0.05).Body weight loss of cattle in HE group was 12.9 and 13.9 kg significantly less than those in ME and LE groups(P<0.05).2)Neutral detergent fibers(NDF),acidic detergent fibers(ADF),Ca and P apparent digestibility of cattle in HE group were significantly higher than those in LE group during prepartum period(P<0.05).3)The serum non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)and beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)contents in LE and ME groups were significantly more than those in HE group after calving(P<0.05).In conclusion,cattle fed the high energy diet(1.06×NRC)have higher prepartum nutrient apparent digestibility,energy intake and lower postpartum body weight loss.Meanwhile,serum NEFA,BHBA contents of cattle during postpartum period can be reduced by high energy diet.In this study,the results suggest that heifers consume high energy diet(1.06×NRC)have more weight gain,better energy balance and body condition after calving.

关 键 词：能量水平 围产期肉牛 表观消化率 血清生化指标 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]