个人破产立法与企业经营者保证责任问题研究  

Research on Issues About Personal Insolvency Legislation and the Guarantee Responsibility of Enterprise Managers

作　　者：金春[1] Jin Chun

机构地区：[1]日本同志社大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2020年第2期1-19,共19页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：日本学术振兴会科研基金基础研究C(JP18K01376)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：企业经营者为企业融资承担保证责任而陷入无力偿债是中国个人破产立法和法律实施中需要解决的重要问题。经营者保证人与消费者、个体工商户等其他商自然人的破产相比,既有共性更有差异。为实现个人破产立法预期的社会利益,制度设计时需充分考量这些共性和差异。在个人破产清算/免责的制度设计上,应当引进1年以内的短期免责考察期,使"诚实"的债务人尽快解除职业限制等失信制裁或破产烙印,保障企业家创新创业。设计两套再生类程序,即企业经营者保证债务和解程序之下,经营者保证人的责任应限定在清算价值范围之内;有一定未来收入的消费者、个体工商户等其他商自然人则应当适用个人重整程序,遵守预期可支配收入标准等机制,使债权人获得更多清偿。建立法庭外的行业指引,探索当经营者积极推动企业及时申请破产使债权人获更多清偿时,在保证债务整理上赋予更多财产豁免等激励机制。The enterprise managers getting into insolvency for undertaking guaranty liability for enterprise finance is a key issue for consideration and resolution in China\s personal insolvency legislation and law enforcement.Comparing the insolvency of consumers,individual business and other commercial natural persons with the insolvency of enterprise managers who give personal guarantees to financial institutions in respect of their companies\obligations,one can identify both similarities and differences.In order to realize the expected social benefits of personal insolvency law introduction,these similarities and differences should be fully considered in the design of the institutional system.A short period of bankruptcy for discharge of less than one year shall be introduced in the design of the individual bankruptcy liquidation and discharge system.This approach can assist"honest"debtors in lifting industry restrictions and other bankruptcy sanctions and stigma as soon as possible, and at the same time can facilitate the innovation and entrepreneurship of entrepreneurs.In addition,two types of reorganization proceeding can be designed,one is that under the enterprise managers\personal guaranteed debt adjustments,the liability property of the enterprise managers who give personal guarantees shall be limited to the scope of"best interests"test.The other one is that commercial natural persons such as individual business and consumers with certain future income shall apply the"Individual Reorganization"and comply with the mechanisms such as"projected disposable income"(also known as the"best efforts"test),so as to enable creditors to obtain more repayment.Besides,out-of-court guidelines shall be established to explore the incentive mechanism of giving more exempt assets in respect of guarantee debts adjustment when managers actively promoted enterprises to apply for insolvency in a timely manner so that creditors obtain more repayment.

关 键 词：个人破产 经营者 保证人 免责 

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