保障责任——责任法上的另一路径?  

Assurance Liability—Another Lane in Liability Law?

作　　者： 陈丽婧(译) Helmut Koziol;Chen Lijing

机构地区：[1]奥地利国家科学院 [2]欧洲侵权法研究院 [3]欧洲侵权法和保险法研究中心 [4]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2020年第2期142-166,共25页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：本文罗列了现行法中若干特殊的责任主体,尝试构建过错责任与危险责任之外的第三种责任体系——保障责任。该责任的特殊之处在于,依损害赔偿法,其欠缺充分的归责因素。然而,基于一些较弱的归责元素,仍足以成立保障责任。因保障责任人或其领域,使受害人难以向实质责任人主张请求权,这是保障责任的首要构成要件。保障责任中的因果关系也并非指向损害,而是指向该强制实现困难。此外需衡量的因素有经济上的转嫁可能性以及保险可能性。在设计责任的法效果时,应注意保护目的,法效果应与归责元素的强度相协调。每个责任主体都有相应的归责与免责事由,由此构造的是一个分层的保障责任体系。This essay lists a number of special liability subjects according to the applicable law,and attempts to build another kind of liability besides fault-based and strict liability,namely assurance liability.The characteristics of this kind of liability result from lacking of sufficiently weighty grounds for imputation under the law of damages.The assurance liability could however be based on weaker elements.Its prime prerequisite requires that the victim could only hardly assert compensation claims against the injuring party because of the responsible person or his sphere.The causation is aimed at those difficulties instead of damages itself.In addition,the possibilities of economic shift and insurability must be taken into account.The protective purpose of the rule should be particularly respected concerning the legal consequences which must be appropriately linked to certain elements.Each responsible subject has his own grounds for imputation and release.Therefore,a liability system with gradation is constructed.

关 键 词：保障责任 归责事由 损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]