我国露天煤矿水害特征与防治水技术  

Summary of water disaster characteristics and water prevention and control technology in open-pit coal mines in China

作　　者：黄选明 张雁 李文嵩 田增林 HUANG Xuanming;ZHANG Yan;LI Wensong;TIAN Zenglin(Xi’an Research Institute Co.Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp.,Xi’an 710077,China;Dayan Company of China Energy Investment Corporation,Hulun Buir 021122,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,陕西西安710077 [2]国家能源集团大雁公司,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021122

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2020年第4期53-60,共8页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0804106)。

摘　　要：露天开采是我国煤矿开采的两大方式之一。与地下开采煤矿类似,露天煤矿在开采过程中同样面临防治水问题,由于我国露天煤矿水害类型相对单一,国内学者鲜有对露天煤矿的水害特征和防治水技术进行深入研究。以我国露天煤矿分布范围为出发点,从充水水源、充水通道、充水强度3方面分析露天煤矿水害特征,得出大气降水、地表水和浅层地下水是主要充水水源;人为开挖形成的直通式通道、强渗透含水层或透水层、垂向导水钻孔、滑坡形成的地表裂缝等是主要充水通道;季节性变化明显、疏排水周期长、排水量大是露天煤矿疏排水主要水害特征的结论。归纳目前我国露天煤矿常用的7种防治水技术,提出露天煤矿由远及近、由上而下、由面至点的立体防治水技术体系。从地下水资源保护和生态环保角度出发,为实现露天煤矿绿色开采和可持续发展,提出以切断补给通道、减小矿坑疏排水量为目的的帷幕截流技术是今后露天煤矿防治水的主要技术方法。Opencast mining is one of the two ways of coal mining in China.Similar to the underground coal mine,the open-pit coal mine also faces the problem of water prevention and control in the process of mining.Due to the relatively single type of water disaster in open-pit coal mines in China,domestic scholars have conducted in-depth study on the characteristics of water disaster and water control technology.Based on the distribution of open-pit coal mines in China,this paper analyzes the characteristics of water hazards in open-pit coal mines from three aspects of water filling source,water filling channel and water filling intensity.It is concluded that atmospheric precipitation,surface water and shallow groundwater are the main water filling sources;direct channel formed by human excavation,strong permeable aquifer or permeable layer,vertical guide water drilling,surface cracks formed by landslide are the main water filling channels;obvious seasonal change,long drainage time and large quantative are the main characteristics of open-pit coal mine drainage.This paper sums up seven kinds of water control technologies commonly used in open-pit coal mines in China and puts forward a three-dimensional water control technology system from far to near,from top to bottom and from surface to point.From the perspective of groundwater resource and ecological environmental protection,in order to realize the green mining and sustainable development of open-pit coal mine,the curtain closure technology aimed at cutting off the supply channel and reducing the drainage of the mine is the main method in the future.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 水害特征 防治技术 疏排水 帷幕截流 

分 类 号：TD745[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]