精料中维生素A添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响  

Effects of Supplemental Vitamin A Levels of Concentrate Supplement on Nutrient Digestion,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antler Yield of Red Deer at Antler Growing Stage

作　　者：曹英 库尔班·吐拉克[1] 杨开伦[1] 贺贺千 华兴耀 李璐 金大智 杨玮 李彦林 CAO Ying;KUERBAN·Tulake;YANG Kailun;HE Heqian;HUA Xingyao;LI Lu;JIN Dazhi;YANG Wei;LI Yanlin(College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Changji Shenghua Domesticated Wapiti Breeding Base,Changji 831100,China;Urumqi Animal Husbandry Meteorological Experimental Station of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830034,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆昌吉市盛华马鹿繁育基地,昌吉831100 [3]新疆乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站,乌鲁木齐830034

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2020年第8期2454-2463,共10页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0502204)。

摘　　要：为研究精料维生素A(VA)添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响,以阿尔泰马鹿为研究对象,选择健康、体重相近的5~7岁龄公鹿18头,随机分为3组,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,每组6头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂VA添加水平为12800、18800和24800 IU/kg的精料,粗饲料由苜蓿干草和麦秸组成,自由采食。预试期15 d,正试期66 d。结果表明:①试验Ⅰ组干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的采食量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01),且粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白质、磷采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。②试验Ⅰ组磷消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),其余营养物质消化率各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。③精料VA添加水平对阿尔泰马鹿的蛋白质代谢和糖脂代谢没有产生显著影响(P>0.05)。但血液总蛋白(TP)、血糖(GLU)随着VA添加水平的升高有升高的趋势,而总胆固醇(TC)、尿素氮(UREA)等则有下降的趋势。④血液谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性随着VA水平的升高而降低,其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。⑤血液免疫球蛋白含量随着VA添加水平的升高而升高,其中试验Ⅲ组的免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。⑥试验Ⅲ组的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)随着VA添加水平升高呈极显著升高变化(P<0.01)。⑦试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血液生长激素(GH)含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组的胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)和VA含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),血液雌二醇(E2)含量随着饲喂精料VA水平的升高而升高(P<0.01)。血液睾酮(T)和25-羟基维�This experiment was conducted to study the effects of vitamin A levels of concentrate supplement on the digestion of dietary nutrients,blood biochemical indexes and antler yield of red deer.Eighteen Altai red deers,aged 5 to 7 years old with similar weight and good health were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates per group.And they were fed experimental concentrate supplements containing different vitamin A levels,which were 12800 IU/kg(groupⅠ),18800 IU/kg(groupⅡ)and 24800 IU/kg(groupⅢ)respectively.The deers were fed with roughage composed of alfalfa hay and straw freely.And the preliminary feeding period was 15 d and the trial period was 66 d.The results showed that:①The intake of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM),calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)in groupⅠwere extremely significantly higher than that in the groupⅡ(P<0.01),and the intake of crude protein(CP)and crude fat(EE)were significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05).CP and P intake in groupⅢwere significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05).②The digestibility of P in groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in groupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the digestibility of other nutrients among the groups(P>0.05).③The addition of vitamin A in concentrate had no significant effect on protein metabolism and glucose and lipid metabolism in Altai red deer(P>0.05).However,total blood protein(TP)and blood glucose(GLU)increased with the increase of vitamin A,while total cholesterol(TC)and UREA nitrogen decreased.④AST,ALT and ALP decreased with the increase of vitamin A level,among which the activity of ALP in groupsⅡandⅢwas significantly lower than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05).⑤The blood immunoglobulin content increased with the increase of vitamin A level,among which the immunoglobulin G(IgG)content in groupⅢwas significantly higher than that in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.01).⑥Malondialdehyde(MDA)content in groupⅢwas significantly lower than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05)and glutathione-pe

关 键 词：阿尔泰马鹿 鹿茸产量 维生素A 消化率 血液生化指标 

分 类 号：S825[农业科学—畜牧学]