血吸虫病感染特征及其免疫病理机制的研究进展  

Advances in the Characteristics of Schistosomiasis Infection and Its Immunopathological Mechanism

作　　者：王美莲 刘北星 WANG Mei-lian;LIU Bei-xing(Teach.&Res.Div.of Pathogenic Biology,Coll,of Basic Med.Sei.,China Med.Uni.,Shenyang 110122)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学基础医学院病原生物学教研室,辽宁沈阳110122

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2020年第3期109-113,共5页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科技项目(2019023)。

摘　　要：血吸虫病是由血吸虫病裂体吸虫属血吸虫引起的一种寄生虫病,分布范围广,广泛分布在热带及亚热带的贫困偏远地区,其在公共卫生方面的重要性仅次于疟疾,该病已经造成了大量的残疾和死亡。据世界卫生组织(WHO)血吸虫病专家委员会1984年统计,全球感染血吸虫人口已达2亿。血吸虫种类繁多,寄生于人体的有6类,其中埃及血吸虫、曼氏血吸虫和日本血吸虫是主要的致病种类。血吸虫卵是血吸虫病的主要致病因子,寄生于宿主组织中的虫卵使宿主发生免疫病理反应,导致泌尿生殖系统(埃及血吸虫)炎症和梗阻性疾病、肠道疾病、肝脾炎症和肝纤维化(曼氏血吸虫和日本血吸虫)的发生。没有得到有效控制的早期血吸虫病发展到晚期,可引起包括上消化道出血、肝性脑病(日本血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫)、膀胱鳞状细胞癌(埃及血吸虫)和不孕不育症在内的严重并发症,主要对血吸虫病流行病学、临床表现、临床分期、并发症、致病机制及其免疫病理机制作一综述。Schistosomiasis or snail fever is a parasitic disease caused by blood fluke of the genus of Schistosoma,and it is widely distributed in poor remote tropical and subtropical countries and regions,concentrated in poor and remote areas.It is second only to malaria in importance in terms of public health,causing a large number of disabilities and deaths.According to statistics by the World Health Organization(WHO)expert committee on schistosomiasis,a meeting held in 1984,up to 200 million people worldwide are infected with Schistosoma.There are various in kind of Schistosoma,and there are as many as six of them live in the human body,among them Schistosoma haematobium,Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum are the main pathogenic species.Schistosoma eggs are the main the pathogenic factors of schistosomiasis.The eggs parasitizing on host tissues cause the host to develop immunopathological reactions,which lead to the occurrence of urinary and reproductive system(Schistosoma haematosoma)inflammation and obstructive diseases or intestinal diseases,liver and spleen inflammation,and liver fibrosis(Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum).Early stage of not effectively controlled schistosomiasis could develop to advanced stage and could cause serious complications including upper gastrointestinal bleeding,hepatic encephalopathy(Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni)and bladder squamous cell carcinoma(Schistosoma haematosoma)and infertility.This paper mainly reviews the epidemiology,clinical manifestations,clinical stages,complications,pathogenesis and immuno-pathogenesis of the schistosomiasis.

关 键 词：曼氏血吸虫 埃及血吸虫 日本血吸虫 免疫病理 感染特性 

分 类 号：Q939.93[生物学—微生物学]