不同修剪强度下无患子新梢生长与开花结实情况  

Influence of Pruning Intensity on New Branch Growth and Flowering and Fruiting of Sapindus mukorossi

作　　者：黄秋良 范辉华[2] 张天宇 姚湘明 汤行昊[2] 黄宇[2] HUANG Qiuliang;FAN Huihua;ZHANG Tianyu;YAO Xiangming;TANG Xinghao;HUANG Yu(Forestry College,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350012,China;Shunchang County Forestry Science and Technology Center,Shunchang,Fujian 353200,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建省林业科学研究院,福建福州350012 [3]福建省顺昌县林业科学技术中心,福建顺昌353200

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第7期1366-1372,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项“果用无患子良种选育及高效栽培技术研究”(No.201104100);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目“无患子优良无性系繁育推广”(No.闽[2016]TG08号)。

摘　　要：以4年生结果始期无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)无性系为材料,比较轻度(T1)、中度(T2)和重度修剪(T3)以及不修剪(CK)处理下无患子新梢萌发、生长与开花结实情况。结果表明:修剪强度显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)影响无患子无性系的新梢数量、新梢枝长和新梢基径。主成分分析显示,新梢数量(−0.3426)和新梢基径(0.7035)是影响无患子果实产量的主要因素,新梢数量和新梢基径影响了新梢的营养分布。经不同强度修剪后,无患子的新梢总数、开花枝数、开花枝率、结果枝数、结果枝率和果实产量均存在显著或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),T1、T2和T3的无患子无性系平均单株果实产量分别高出CK的4.99倍、7.28倍和1.54倍。可见,修剪可以有效调节无患子新梢的数量和质量并控制新梢营养的分布,对无患子幼林采用中度修剪,可提高无患子果实产量。Using the four-year-old start fruiting Sapindus mukorossi clones as the material,the new branch sprouting,growth and flowering and fruiting under different pruning intensities,i.e.,light(T1),moderate(T2),severe trimming(T3)and with no trimming(CK)were studied.Pruning intensity significantly(P<0.05)or extremely significantly(P<0.01)affected the new branch sprouting number,length and base diameter of S.mukorossi clones.The number of new branches(−0.3426)and the new branch diameter(0.7035)were found to be the main factors influencing the yield of S.mukorossi yield,and total number of new branches and the new branches diameter affected the nutrient distribution of the new branches.Significant or extremely significant differences in total number of new branches,number of flowering branches,flowering branch rate,number of vegetative branch,bearing branch ratio and fruit yield were found among the four treatments.Moreover,the average fruit yield per plant of T1,T2 and T3 was respectively 4.99 times,7.28 times and 1.54 times higher than that of CK.Results obtained in the study indicated that pruning affected a lot in regulating the quantity and quality of new branches and in influencing the nutrient distribution of new branches.Besides,moderate pruning of young S.mukorossi trees could increase the fruit yield of S.mukorossi.

关 键 词：无患子 无性系 修剪强度 新梢生长 开花结实 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学]