极小种群植物洛氏蝴蝶兰所处群落结构特征  

Community Characteristics of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Phalaenopsis lobbii

作　　者：黄歆怡 陆祖正[1] 宾振钧[1] 甘春林 覃茜[1] 丁丽琼 HUANG Xinyi;LU Zuzheng;BIN Zhenjun;GAN Chunlin;QIN Qian;DING Liqiong(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Guangxi Longhushan Nature Reserve Management Office,Long’an,Guangxi 532715,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001 [2]广西龙虎山自然保护区管理处,广西隆安532715

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第7期1469-1476,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西科技计划项目(桂科AB16380060);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2020YM135);广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所基本科研业务费专项项目(桂热研201802)。

摘　　要：洛氏蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis lobbii)野生资源珍贵,种群数量十分稀少,被列入我国优先拯救保护的极小种群野生植物。本研究对广西龙虎山自然保护区洛氏蝴蝶兰所在的群落1及广西大新县宝圩乡的海南风吹楠-凹脉金花茶的保护小区内所在的群落2进行了生境调查与样地调查,分析生境特征、物种组成、群落区系特点及群落结构。结果显示,调查群落1样地内共有维管束植物32科45属50种,群落生物多样性较为丰富,其中百合科为该群落的优势科;群落2样地内共有维管束植物26科35属38种,无优势科现象;所在群落属的地理成分中泛热带和热带亚洲成分占绝对优势,具有热带向亚热带过渡的性质;群落中均以高位芽植物为主,又以藤本植物的比例最大,林下郁闭度增大,表明洛氏蝴蝶兰对环境湿度和光照有一定的要求;洛氏蝴蝶兰在群落1、2草本层中重要值较低,仅作为伴生种,与常绿阔叶林群落植物共生。目前蝴蝶兰属野生植物资源的群落结构的野外调查与保育研究等方面的系统性研究较少,建议加强就地保护,结合迁地保护,研究濒危机理,通过人工栽培繁殖再进行引种回归野外,缓解洛氏蝴蝶兰野外濒危现状,并为合理开发利用提供技术支撑。Phalaenopsis lobbii is a rare species with extremely small populations in China.Field investigation covering habitat survey and quadrangular survey in community 1 in Longhushan Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China and community 2 in small nature reserve of Horsfieldia hainanensis and Camellia impressinervis was conducted to study the community characteristics including habitat characteristics,species composition,community floristic characteristics and the structure.P.lobbii lived in an evergreen broad leaved forest with limestone with an altitude 150-330 meters.The vegetation of the habitat was well preserved.There were a total of 50 species of vascular plants in community 1,which belonging to 45 genera and 32 families.The biodiversity of the community was rich,among which Liliaceae was the dominant families.There were 38 species of vascular plants in community 2,which belonging to 35 genera and 26 families,without dominant families.Tropical Asian and pantropical genera played the dominant status at the generic level in the two communities.The floristic composition of the two communities showed tropical and subtropical transition.Both communities were dominated by the phanerophyte plants,making up 64%of the total species in community 1 and 65.79%in community 2,and lianas accounted for the largest proportion,indicating that canopy density increased and P.lobbii had certain requirements for ambient humidity and illumination.Importance values of herb layer species showed that multiple dominant populations were included in the community.Aglaonema modestum,Pilea boniana and Aspidistra fungilliformis were the dominant species in community 1 and Caryota monostachya,Tectaria subtriphylla,Rhaphidophora decursiva were the dominant species in community 2.P.lobbii was the only one orchid plant and just as an accompanying species in plant communities which attached to the trunk of the trees in the two community.At present,there are few systematic studies on the community structure and conservation of wild plant resources of P.lobbii.

关 键 词：洛氏蝴蝶兰 极小种群野生植物 生境 群落特征 重要值 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]