河南省淅川县岩溶区不同恢复年限天然次生林植物群落特征  

Plant community characteristics of natural secondary forest with different restoration years in karst area of Xichuan County, Henan Province

作　　者：王磊[1] 崔明[1] 周梦玲 赵晓东 闫伟鹏 武建宏 刘玉国[1] WANG Lei;CUI Ming;ZHOU Mengling;ZHAO Xiaodong;YAN Weipeng;WU Jianhong;LIU Yuguo(Institute of Desertification Study,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Henan Forestry Vocational College,Luoyang 417002,Henan,China;Xichuan Forestry Bureau of Henan Province,Xichuan 474450,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院,荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [3]河南林业职业学院,河南洛阳417002 [4]河南省淅川县林业局,河南淅川474450

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2020年第4期720-728,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0202500,2017YFC0502504);南水北调水源地丹江口库区石漠化治理效益监测(2017-07)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究南水北调中线渠首岩溶区不同恢复年限天然次生林群落物种组成、生物多样性与结构特征,了解岩溶区植被现状,为区域植被保护与修复、生物多样性保护和石漠化综合治理与评估提供科学依据。【方法】采用"空间代替时间"的研究方法,以河南省淅川县岩溶区6种林龄(20、28、35、40、53、70 a)天然次生林为研究对象,按照森林群落调查方法调查乔木层、灌木层及草本层,计算群落物种重要值、多样性指数、群落结构和群落相似系数。【结果】在18个固定样地10 800 m^2区域内,共调查到维管束植物63种,隶属40科58属;随着恢复年限增加,物种丰富度不断增加,增加的物种多为单科单属单种。各个层物种多样性指数随着恢复年限增加表现出不同的特点,但总体表现为缓慢上升;乔木层Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数均以P5样地(恢复时间53 a)最大,P1样地(恢复时间20 a)最小;灌木层和草本层的Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数缓慢上升。Jaccard相似性系数结果表明:不同恢复年限的样地间为极不相似水平,物种组成差异性较高;除密度外,群落平均高度、盖度、胸径等结构在恢复20和70 a以上存在显著差异(P<0.05),其余恢复年限样地之间差异不显著。【结论】相对于西南岩溶区,南水北调中线渠首岩溶区物种丰富度较低,群落均以栓皮栎Quercus variflora为建群种,单科单属单种居多,群落间差异性较大,岩溶区植被恢复后期植被生长缓慢,树高和胸径主要集中在Ⅱ和Ⅲ级。图2表5参34。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the species composition,biological diversity and structural characteristics of natural secondary forest communities with different restoration ages in the karst area at the head of canal in the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,and to understand the vegetation status in the karst area,so as to provide scientific basis for regional vegetation protection and restoration,biodiversity protection and comprehensive management and evaluation of rocky desertification.[Method]Using the research method of"space instead of time",and taking 6 kinds of natural secondary forests(20,28,35,40,53,70 a)in the karst area of Xichuan County as the research object.The tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer were investigated according to the method for forest community survey,and the important value of community species,diversity index,community structure and community similarity coefficient were calculated.[Result]A total of 63 species of vascular plants belonging to 40 families and 58 genera were found in 18 fixed plots of 10800 m^2.With the increase of recovery years,the species richness increased continuously,and most of the increased species belonged to single family,single genus and single species.The species diversity index of each layer showed different characteristics with the increase of recovery years,but the overall trend was slowly rising.Shannon diversity index,Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index of tree layer were the highest in P5 plots(recovery time 53 a),and the lowest in P1 plots(recovery time 20 a).Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index of shrub layer and herb layer increased slowly.The results of Jaccard similarity coefficient showed that there was a very different level of similarity between plots with different recovery years,and the species composition was quite different.Except for the density,there were significant differences in community average height,coverage,DBH and other structures between 20 and 70 a after resto

关 键 词：森林生态学 岩溶 天然次生林 生物多样性 群落结构 群落相似性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]