典型热带森林生态系统林冠穿透雨特征及影响因素  

Characteristics and influencing factors of canopy throughfall in typicaltropical forest ecosystems

作　　者：赵赫[1,2] 文志 刘艳秋[3] 郑华 ZHAO He;WEN Zhi;LIU Yanqiu;ZHENG Hua(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《生态科学》2020年第4期74-80,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503401)。

摘　　要：橡胶林和槟榔林替代原始林或次生林是热带地区主要的土地利用变化类型,为了探讨土地利用变化对穿透雨的影响,在海南岛选取橡胶林、槟榔林和次生林三种典型森林生态系统为对象,比较研究了33次降雨事件中不同森林生态系统林冠穿透雨特征及其影响因素。结果表明:三种森林生态系统乔木冠幅内穿透雨率差异显著(P<0.01),其大小依次为橡胶林(95.9%)>次生林(80.4%)>槟榔林(64.6%),冠层厚度是影响次生林和橡胶林穿透雨率的主要因素,均与穿透雨率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),增加橡胶林林下植被对穿透雨的截留具有重要意义;在三种林型不同乔木个体的冠幅内部,仅槟榔林冠幅内穿透雨率树干旁边显著高于冠幅中央和边缘,冠幅内部叶面积指数和叶片角度是影响槟榔林穿透雨空间异质性的主要因素(P<0.05);橡胶林的冠层厚度和次生林的叶片角度也对穿透雨率产生显著影响(P<0.05)。上述结果阐明了次生林转换为人工林后,穿透雨率及其空间分布产生的差异;发现除冠层厚度和叶面积指数外,叶片形状或角度对改变穿透雨率具有重要影响,该结果为合理配置冠层结构、有效降低穿透雨率提供参考,也可为评估热带地区土地利用变化的生态水文效应提供参数。The replacement of primary forest or secondary forest by rubber forest and areca forest is the main type of land use change in the tropics.In order to explore the impact of land use change on throughfall,our study chose rubber forest,betel nut forest and secondary forest in Hainan Island to compare the characteristics of canopy throughfall and the influencing factors in different forest ecosystems using 33 rainfall events.The results showed that there was significant difference(P<0.01)of throughfall rate within the individual crown of three forest ecosystems,with the order of throughfall rate:rubber plantation(95.9%)>secondary forest(80.4%)>betel nut plantation;canopy thickness is the main factor of throughfall in secondary forest and rubber forest,and there is a significantly negative correlation between throughfall rate and canopy thickness(P<0.05).There was a great significance to throughfall by increasing the understory vegetation of rubber plantation.Within the canopy of three forest types, only the throughfall rate of trunk of betel nut forest is significantly higher than the central crown and the edge of the crown, the leafarea index and the leaf angle of the canopy control the spatial patterns of throughfall (P <0.05). The canopy thickness of the rubberplantation and the leaf angle of the secondary forest also had a significant effect on the throughfall rate (P <0.05). Our resultsillustrate the differences of throughfall rate and spatial patterns after secondary forests convert to plantations. Besides the canopythickness and leaf area index, the shape or angle of leaf is an important factor changing the throughfall rate. The results provide areference for building reasonable canopy structure and effectively reducing the throughfall rate of plantations. It also providesparameters for assessing the eco-hydrological effects of land-use change in the tropics.

关 键 词：穿透雨 影响因素 热带 土地利用变化 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]