中国城市低保制度的瞄准度分析  

Analysis on the Targeting of Urban Dibao Program in China

作　　者：宋锦[1] 李实 王德文 Song Jin;Li Shi;Wang Dewen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所 [2]浙江大学公共管理学院 [3]浙江大学社会治理研究院 [4]世界银行社会保护与工作实践局

出　　处：《管理世界》2020年第6期37-48,M0004,M0005,共14页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国农村家庭数据库建设及其应用研究”(18ZDA080)的资助。

摘　　要：中国在2020年消除绝对贫困之后,相对贫困、城市贫困问题会引起更多的关注。城镇地区的社会保障制度已成为经济转型和社会稳定的重要基础。城市低保的瞄准度是这一制度成功的关键。本文考察住户调查数据分析了城市低保的瞄准实践和瞄准表现,发现低保金发放考虑了家庭收入、财产和人口特征,兼顾了"托底线"和"救急难",这种做法在经济转型阶段具有重要意义。按照多维审核机制,城市低保的漏保率在38.45%到66.28%之间,错保率在54.59%到69.17%之间,而且2013年低保瞄准效率比2007年有明显改善。评估低保的瞄准效率更适合使用多维标准,而不是只使用收入标准;在低保瞄准政策中对多维评估进行规范也十分重要。After China's eliminating absolute poverty in 2020,the importance of relative poverty and urban poverty will increase.The social security network in urban area has become the basis for ensuring the smooth transition of the economy and the stability of the society in the transitional era.Targeting accuracy of urban minimum living allowance(Dibao)program is the key to the success of the social security network.This paper examines household survey data to analyze the targeting practice and performance of urban Dibao program,and finds that the recognition of urban Dibao eligibility takes into account of household income,property and demographic characteristics to"guarantee the bottom line"and"provide emergency relief".This characteristics is of great value in the stage of economic transformation.Under the multi-dimensional consideration mechanism,the exclusion error rate of urban Dibao program is between 38.45%and 66.28%,and the inclusion error rate is between 54.59%and 69.17%.Targeting efficiency of urban Dibao program in 2013 is significantly better than that in 2007.To evaluate the targeting performance of Urban Dibao program,using multi-dimensional standard is more appropriate than using only income standard;meanwhile,to further standardize the filtering policy in the multi-dimensional evaluation practice in urban Dibaozs targeting is also important.

关 键 词：城市低保 瞄准 社会保障 瞄准误差 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] D632.1[政治法律—政治学]