北京市中学生不良饮食行为现状及其影响因素研究  

A study on the current situation and influencing factors of unhealthy dietary behaviors among middle school students in Beijing

作　　者：施淑燕 龚艳彬 柴巍中[1] SHI Shu-yan;GONG Yan-bin;CHAI Wei-zhong(Department Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Peking Universitg,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2020年第5期418-422,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家社科基金支持项目子课题(BLA140068)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析北京市中学生不良饮食行为现状及其影响因素,为实施中学营养教育提供研究依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样选取北京市属两区三类6所中学1178名初高中学生,实施五维四级半封闭型匿名问卷调查。结果 75.21%的中学生存在不良饮食行为,40.83%的学生存在两项及以上不良饮食行为,主要表现为不专心就餐(45.59%)、经常吃零食(39.39%)、挑食偏食(29.37%)、经常摄取含糖饮料(29.37%)。中学生每周食用早餐两次以下的比例为8.4%,喜欢非健康类零食的比例为64.16%。多因素回归分析发现,校外进餐(OR=1.548,95%CI:0.840~2.851)、高中年级(OR=1.800,95%CI:1.386~2.337)是学生综合饮食行为问题的危险因素,而母亲文化程度高(OR=0.355,95%CI:0.186~0.68)为保护因素。结论北京市中学生不良饮食行为仍然普遍发生,年级、性别、母亲文化程度和就餐地点影响学生不良饮食行为的发生状况。研究提示应加强中学营养教育并应结合家庭社区共同实施,应根据中学生不良饮食行为发生状况制定针对性的教育内容和改善措施。Objective To investigate and analyze the status quo and influencing factors of poor dietary behavior among middle school students in Beijing,and to provide research basis for the implementation of middle school nutrition education.Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 1178 secondary students,selected by randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling,from 6 middle schools of two districts in Beijing.Results 75.21 % of middle school students had at last one poor dietary behavior,40.83% had two or more poor dietary behaviors.The unhealthy behaviors were mainly manifested as inattentive eating(45.59%),frequent snacks(39.39%),picky eating(29.37%),and frequent intake of sugary drinks(29.37%).The proportion of middle school students who eat breakfast twice a week is 8.4%,and the proportion who like unhealthy snacks is 64.16%.Multivariate regression analysis found that dining off campus(OR=1.548,95% CI:0.840-2.851),high school grade(OR=1.800,95% CI:1.386-2.337) were the risk factors of students’ comprehensive unhealthy behavior problem,and mother higher education level(OR=0.355,95% CI:0.186-0.680) was the protective factor of students’ comprehensive unhealthy behavior problem.Conclusion The poor dietary behaviors are still common in Beijing middle school students.Student grade,gender,mother education degree and dining location affect the occurrence conditions of student’s poor dietary behaviors.The study suggests that middle school nutrition education should be strengthened and carried out in combination with family and community according to the occurrence condition of unhealthy dietary behaviors of middle school students.

关 键 词：中学生 不良饮食行为 影响因素 营养教育 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]