农地抵押贷款的运行模式与参与主体的行动逻辑——基于宁夏回族自治区L村种养结合家庭农场  

The Operation Mode of Farmland Mortgage and the Action Logic of the Participants

作　　者：李国正[1] LI Guozheng

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2020年第7期25-35,共11页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“乡村振兴战略下农民工返乡创业融资约束与信贷可得性研究:基于农地抵押品功能视角”(编号:71803006);教育部人文社科基金项目“乡村振兴战略下农民返乡创业融资偏好、信贷可得性及支持政策研究”(编号:18YJC790076);北京市教委社科项目“产业升级背景下首都流动人口职业技能衍生路径与培育机制研究”(编号:JE011011201901);北京市社会科学基金项目“京津冀协同发展中城乡劳动力转移与市民化问题”(编号:19YJA004)。

摘　　要：本文运用个案研究方法,对宁夏回族自治区L村种养结合家庭农场的考察发现:(1)土地专业合作社可以降低农户交易成本并协助金融机构解决信息不对称及抵押物难以处置问题;(2)以农地作为抵押品申请贷款只能部分满足农户融资需求,相比之下,政策性扶贫贷款的融资效果更好。基于"意愿—行动—效果"的分析框架,研究发现:(1)由于农户分化,经营种养结合家庭农场的农户普遍存在自有资金不足问题,具有强烈的融资需求;(2)考核机制不健全导致以追求政治晋升和权力为中心的地方政府缺乏政策执行力;(3)由于农地并非合意抵押品,作为市场经营主体的商业性银行对于农地抵押贷款缺乏执行积极性。未来应该着重从调动地方政府能动性、激发金融机构积极性、提高农村居民组织性三个方面优化农地抵押贷款机制。This paper uses the method of case study to investigate the family farms combining planting and breeding in L village,Ningxia province.The results show that:(1)specialized land cooperatives can reduce the transaction costs of farmers and assist financial institutions to solve the problem of information asymmetry and the difficulty in disposing collateral;(2)applying for loans with agricultural land as collateral can only partially meet the financing needs of rural households.In contrast,policy-based poverty alleviation loans have better financing effects.Furthermore,based on the analysis framework of"will-action-effect",the research on the action logic of the policy participants has found that:(1)due to the differentiation of farmers,farmers operating family farms combined with planting and breeding generally have insufficient self-owned funds and strong financing needs;(2)the imperfect assessment mechanism leads to the lack of local government policy implementation enthusiasm;(3)as farmland is not acceptable collateral,commercial banks and other market operators lack enthusiasm in the implementation of farmland mortgage loans.Further policies should focus on mobilizing the initiative of local governments,stimulating the enthusiasm of financial institutions and improving the organization of rural residents to optimize the farmland mortgage mechanism.

关 键 词：农地抵押贷款 种养结合家庭农场 农户分化 

分 类 号：F324.1[经济管理—产业经济] F832.43