地权的阶级属性与农地“三权分置”:一个制度演化的分析框架  

The Class Attributes of Rural Land Tenure and Institutional Evolution of the Separation of“Three Rights”for Agricultural Land

作　　者：钟晓萍[1] 于晓华 唐忠[1] ZHONG Xiaoping;YU Xiaohua;TANG Zhong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872 [2]德国哥廷根大学农业经济与农村发展系,哥廷根37073

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2020年第7期47-57,共11页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71673289);中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院学生科研训练计划(编号:18-19B34)。

摘　　要：农地集体所有制是马克思主义的内在要求和中国革命实践成功的经验总结。新中国成立后农地产权制度的建立与演变深刻反映了地权阶级属性及制度变迁的路径依赖特征。70年来地权经过多重改革,集体所有制始终未被动摇;为维持社会稳定和提高农业生产效率,从集体所有权衍生出了承包权和经营权。三权分置承继了集体所有制建立以来地权变迁的方向,在坚持集体所有权的前提下,稳定承包权、放活经营权,实质上是集体、承包农户、经营者共享地权,既实现了地权阶级属性、土地财产属性与生产要素属性的三重属性融合,又维护了地权意识形态功能、社会保障功能与生产效率功能的三重功能协调,有利于实现农地集体所有制下公平与效率的有机统一。The collective ownership of agricultural land is the inherent requirements of socialism China as well as the successful experience of Chinese revolutionary practice.The establishment and development of rural land tenure after the foundation of People’s Republic of China deeply reflects the proletariat class attributes of rural land tenure,and the characteristics of path dependence of institutional change.The separation of the"three right"to rural land keeps the path of institutional change since the establishment of collective ownership.The essence of the institutional innovation is to split the rights of agricultural land between the rural collective,rural households,and the actual operators.This kind of rights separation well balance the socialism requirements,the asset property,and the production function of agricultural land,and simultaneously ensure the ideology function,the social security function and the efficiency-enhancement function for agricultural land.

关 键 词：农地集体所有制 地权阶级属性 制度演化 路径依赖 三权分置 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]