苹果属植物抗旱性评价  

Comprehensive evaluation on drought tolerance of Malus

作　　者：杨锋 刘晨 姜丽娟 管清美[1] YANG Feng;LIU Chen;JIANG Lijuan;GUAN Qingmei(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第8期119-128,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31622049)。

摘　　要：【目的】对103种苹果属植物的抗旱性进行综合评价,为抗旱苹果品种的选育及推广利用提供理论依据。【方法】以103种苹果属植物嫁接苗为试验材料,调查自然干旱12 d后植株的萎蔫程度,并测定干旱处理前后叶片相对电导率及可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量,最后采用隶属函数法计算以上4个生理指标的平均隶属函数值,对103种植物进行抗旱性综合评价。【结果】干旱胁迫12 d后,各苹果属植物的萎蔫程度、相对电导率、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛含量均有明显变化。根据综合评价结果可知,在103种苹果属植物中,强抗旱(Ⅰ级)材料有15种,抗旱(Ⅱ级)材料有32种,中等抗旱(Ⅲ级)材料有46种,弱抗旱(Ⅳ级)材料有10种,其中15种强抗旱苹果属植物分别为早红霞、红勋1号、富红早嘎、陆奥、早红1号、皇家嘎啦、太平洋玫瑰、阿莱特、N7、北海道9号、Goldgeld55544、Ce1、K296、福拉瑞娜、T22。【结论】筛选出15个适宜干旱半干旱地区种植的强抗旱苹果属植物。【Objective】The drought tolerances of 103 Malus were evaluated to provide basis for breeding drought tolerant cultivars and promote the application of drought-tolerant Malus.【Method】A total of 103 grafted plants of Malus were selected to investigate the wilting degree after 12 days of drought stress.Relative conductivity,soluble protein content and malondialdehyde content of leaves before and after drought stress were measured.The average membership function values of these four physiological indexes were calculated by a subordination function method to evaluate drought resistances of the 103 plants.【Result】Wilting degree,relative conductivity,soluble protein content and malondialdehyde content of all species changed significantly after 12 days of drought stress.According to the results of comprehensive evaluation,there were 15 materials at levelⅠ(extremely tolerant to drought),32 materials at levelⅡ(tolerant to drought),46 materials at levelⅢ(moderately tolerant to drought)and 10 materials at levelⅣ(weakly tolerant to drought).The 15 levelⅠmaterials included Zaohongxia,Hongxun No.1,Fuhongzaoga,Mutsu,Early red one,Royal Gala,Pacific Rose,Arlet,N7,Hokido No.9,Goldgeld55544,Ce1,K296,Florina and T22.【Conclusion】Fifteen extremely drought-tolerant apple materials suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid areas were identified.

关 键 词：苹果属植物 抗旱性评价 苹果育种 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]