蓄水坑灌果园土-树系统中重金属Cd富集特征与风险评价  

Enrichment Characteristic and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Cd in the Soil-Apple Tree System under Water Storage Pit Irrigation

作　　者：高晓丽 马娟娟[2] 杨治平[1] 王若兰 GAO Xiao-li;MA Juan-juan;YANG Zhi-ping;WANG Ruo-lan(Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China;College of Water Resources Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

机构地区：[1]土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,太原030031 [2]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第8期8-12,17,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2017002);国家自然科学基金项目(51579168)。

摘　　要：植物对Cd的吸收和运转能力较强,为了探明蓄水坑灌果园土壤和果实中重金属Cd的含量及其污染风险,以10年生红富士丹霞果树为供试材料,于2019年开展苹果树蓄水坑施灌试验。利用BCR法测定了果园土壤和果树各器官中重金属Cd的含量,并采用单因子法对土壤和果实中重金属Cd含量进行风险评价。结果表明:蓄水坑灌模式促进了果园土壤重金属Cd在土壤表层的累积和向土壤深层的迁移和转化,蓄水坑灌果园0~40 cm土层土壤重金属Cd含量在整个生长季的下降幅度较常规灌溉处理低7.59~15.72,而40~160 cm土层土壤重金属Cd含量下降幅度较常规灌溉处理高0.96~20.95;生育期末蓄水坑灌果园20~40 cm土壤Cd和传统灌溉果园在60~160 cm的土层范围内表现为不同程度的警戒级尚清洁状态;不同灌溉模式果树各器官对土壤Cd的富集量依次为根系>枝梢>叶片>果实,蓄水坑灌果树各器官Cd含量与吸收富集系数均大于传统灌溉处理,但不同灌溉模式果实中重金属Cd含量均低于我国可安全食用标准。研究结果旨在丰富果园蓄水坑灌理论,亦可为果园土壤环境修复提供科学依据。Plant has a strong ability to absorb and transform Cd.In order to define the content of heavy metal Cd in soil and fruit and its pollution risk under water storage pit irrigation,field experiments of apple tree water storage pit irrigation were carried out with the test material of 10 years old red Fuji Danxia in 2019.The content of Cd in soil-apple tree system under different irrigation modes were measured using BCR method.Risk assessment of Cd content in soil and individual organs were evaluated by applying the single-factor method.The results showed that the water storage pit irrigation promoted the accumulation of Cd in the surface soil as well as the migration and transformation of Cd into the deep soil.Compared with conventional irrigation,the decrease degree of Cd content in 0~40 cm soil during the whole growth season were lower by 7.59%to 15.72%,while the increase degree of Cd content in 40~160 cm soil during the whole growth season were higher by 0.96%to 20.95%.At the end of growth period,the content of Cd in 20~40 cm depth soil under water storage pit irrigation and 60~160 cm depth soil under conventional irrigation indicated different pollution levels which were still clean.The order of accumulated Cd of individual organs of fruit trees under different irrigation modes from large to small was root,branches,leaves and fruits in turn.The Cd content and enrichment coefficient of each organ under water storage pit irrigation were higher than that under conventional irrigation.However,the Cd content of fruit under different irrigation modes was lower than the Chinese edible safe standard.The research results can enrich the theory of water storage pit irrigation for orchard and provide a scientific basis for restoration of orchard soil environment.

关 键 词：蓄水坑灌 镉 果园 富集 风险评价 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]