风沙土不同滴灌水量对玉米根系水分和硝态氮分布的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Quota on Water and Nitrate Distribution in Maize Root Layer in Aeolian Sandy Soil under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：王鼎新 窦超银 仲志成 周诗源 孟维忠[2] WANG Ding-xin;DOU Chao-yin;ZHONG Zhi-cheng;ZHOU Shi-yuan;MENG Wei-zhong(School of Water Conservancy Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China;Water Conservancy and Hydropower Science Research Institute of Liaoning, Shenyang 110003, China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]辽宁省水利水电科学研究院,沈阳110003

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第8期22-26,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51609208)。

摘　　要：为了探究风沙土内水分和养分分布,合理的利用风沙土资源。采用田间试验,以不同灌溉水量为试验因素,其中灌溉水量设置需水系数0.4(IR1)、0.6(IR2)、0.8(IR3)、1.0(IR4)、1.2(IR5)5个水平,施肥量采用推荐施肥量(纯氮)225 kg/hm^2,通过测定不同灌溉条件下土壤水分和土壤硝态氮含量,研究风沙土玉米膜下滴灌不同灌溉条件对土壤水分和养分分布的影响。在风沙土上增大灌水量不能增加土壤的蓄水量,反可能增加土壤水分分布的不均匀性。水平方向上,0~20 cm范围内灌水量越大,水分运动距离越远;在垂直方向上0~30 cm土层是土壤水分主要分布层。风沙土中硝态氮含量分布不均匀,有明显的集聚。水平方向上,灌水量越大,硝态氮含量峰值距离滴头位置越远;垂直方向上,硝态氮有明显的表聚现象,灌水量增加有利于提高各层硝态氮含量。土壤含水率与土壤硝态氮除表现为以正相关为主,在垂向分布上相关性较高外,空间分布的相关性并不大,且改变灌水量并不能提高两者相关性。在风沙土地区利用滴灌灌溉玉米时,为了更好地将土壤水分和养分控制在根系分布层内,推荐灌溉制度计算公式中的需水系数取0.8。In order to explore the distribution of water and nutrients in aeolian sandy soil and make rational use of aeolian sandy soil resources,the field experiment was carried out with different irrigation water amount as the experimental factor.The irrigation water amount was set at five levels of 0.4(IR1),0.6(IR2),0.8(IR3),1.0(IR4)and 1.2(IR5).The recommended fertilization amount(pure nitrogen)was 225 kg/hm^2.The effects of different irrigation conditions on soil water and nutrient distribution were studied by measuring soil water and nitrate nitrogen content under different irrigation conditions.The results showed that increasing irrigation on Aeolian sand soil could not increase the water storage of soil,but may increase the uneven distribution of soil water.In the horizontal direction,the larger the amount of irrigation to the 0~20 cm range,the farther the water movement distance;in the vertical direction,the 0~30 cm soil layer was the main distribution layer of soil water.The content of nitrate nitrogen in aeolian sand soil was distributed unevenly with obvious concentration.In the horizontal direction,the larger the amount of irrigation,the farther the peak value of nitrate nitrogen content from the emitter;in the vertical direction,there was obvious surface accumulation of nitrate nitrogen,and the increase of irrigation was conducive to the increase of nitrate nitrogen content in each layer.In addition to the positive correlation between soil water content and soil nitrate nitrogen,the vertical distribution had a high correlation,while the spatial distribution had little correlation.It can be concluded that in order to better control soil water and nutrients within the root distribution layer,0.8 was recommended as the water requirement coefficient in the irrigation system calculation formula when using drip irrigation to irrigate maize in sandstorm soil areas.

关 键 词：灌溉水量 风沙土 滴灌 土壤水分 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]