温室番茄植株蒸腾变化规律及主要影响因素研究  

A Study on Transpiration Variation Law and Its Main Influencing Factors of Tomato Grown in a Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：冀健红 刘新阳[2] JI Jian-hong;LIU Xin-yang(Central China Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd, PowerChina, Zhengzhou 450007;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团华中电力设计研究院有限公司,郑州450007 [2]华北水利水电大学,郑州450045

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第8期40-43,49,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51309099)。

摘　　要：温室作物的耗水量与植株茎流变化密切相关,掌握温室作物茎流变化可提高灌溉制度的合理性。以温室滴灌番茄为研究对象,综合考虑气象因素和作物生长状况对番茄茎秆液流(Tf)变化的影响,探索了茎流计法监测温室番茄需水量的可行性,分析了不同典型天气条件下番茄Tf的变化规律及影响因素,考虑了叶面积指数(LAI)与Tf的关系,并与称重法进行了对比,最后采用通径分析法建立了气象因子与Tf的回归方程。结果表明,不同天气条件下,番茄茎秆的Tf表现为晴天>多云天>阴雨天。Tf与LAI密切相关,相关系数为0.77,达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),此外,采用LAI对Tf进行标准化后可减少不同植株之间的个体差异。通径分析法结果表明,气象因子与Tf之间的关系可以表示为Tf 0.213 Rs 1.536 VPD-0.305,气温和风速对Tf的影响主要是通过太阳辐射(Rs)和水汽压差(VPD)实现的,Rs对Tf的影响大于VPD。研究为基于茎流计法测定温室滴灌番茄需水量提供了理论依据。The water consumption of greenhouse crops is closely related to the change of plant stem flow.So understanding the change of stem flow of greenhouse crops can improve the rationality of irrigation system.In this study,the greenhouse drip irrigation tomato was taken as the research object,based on the comprehensive consideration of the influence of meteorological factors and crop growth condition on tomato stem flow(Tf)variation,the feasibility of stem flowmeter method to monitor the water demand of tomato in greenhouse was explored,the variation rule and influencing factors of tomato Tf under different typical weather conditions were analyzed,the relationship between LAI and Tf was considered,and the method was compared with the weighing method.Finally,the regression equation of weather factor and Tf was established by path analysis.The results indicated that the Tf of tomato was different at different weather conditions,showing sunny>cloudy>rainy days.The Tf of tomato was closely related to LAI,with a correlation coefficient of 0.77,reaching a significant level(P<0.01).In addition,the differences of Tf at different plants could be reduced by using LAI to normalize Tf.Path analysis results showed that the relationship between meteorological factors and Tf could be expressed as Tf0.213 Rs+1.536 VPD-0.305,the influence of air temperature(Ta)and wind speed(u2)on Tf was mainly achieved through solar radiation(Rs)and water vapor pressure difference(VPD).The impact of Rs on Tf was larger than that of VPD.This study provides a theoretical basis for determining the water requirement of drip irrigation tomatoes in a greenhouse based on a stem flow meter method.

关 键 词：气象因子 茎流计 蒸腾速率 通径分析 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]