喷施外源物质与灌水对生菜产量、品质及水分利用的影响  

Effects of Spraying Exogenous Substance and Irrigation on Yield,Quality and Water Use of Lettuce

作　　者：李艳梅[1,2] 杨俊刚 张琳[1,2] 廖上强 孙娜[1,2] 孙焱鑫 LI Yan-mei;YANG Jun-gang;ZHANG Lin;LIAO Shang-qiang;SUN Na;SUN Yan-xin(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Beijing 100097;Key Laboratory of Urban Agriaulture(North), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京100097

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第8期44-49,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180705,KJCX20180704);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201010,2017YFD0800405);北京市农林科学院植物营养所创新基金(201902)。

摘　　要：缺水是京郊蔬菜产业可持续发展的限制因子。为探讨喷施外源物质及限量灌溉的应用潜力,研究设计田间裂区试验,考察喷施黄腐酸(FA)和甜菜碱(GB)以及调整滴灌水量(由DI1降至DI2)对生菜产量、水分利用、品质及种植收益的影响。结果表明:喷施FA、GB在DI1水量时分别使生菜增产6735、9736 kg/hm^2,水分利用率提升8.4、12.2 kg/m^3,种植效益增加18558、26425元/hm^2,同时检测到生菜叶片可溶糖含量及CAT酶活性升高的现象。DI1时,喷施GB还表现出增加生菜VC累积的作用。喷施FA和GB在DI2水量时亦起到增产增收增效的作用,但效果远不及其在DI1时,原因可能与DI2水量设置较低有关。滴灌水量由DI1降至DI2引起生菜明显减产及叶片抗氧化物酶活性的响应性升高,虽然减水后生菜水分利用率有明显提升,但生菜产量及种植收益的大幅降低使其不具有生产推广性。综合认为,DI1GB和DI1FA为适合于生菜生产的节水增产措施。Water shortage is a limiting factor for sustainable vegetable production in Beijing suburbs.In order to explore the regulation potential of exogenous spray of drought-tolerant substances and reduced irrigation measure,a field experiment was designed to investigate the effects of spraying fulvic acid(FA)and betaine(GB)as well as reducing drip irrigation volume from DI1 to DI2 on yield,water use ability,quality and planting benefit of lettuce.The results showed that,spraying FA and GB at DI1 level increased the yield of lettuce by 6735 and 9736 kg/hm^2,respectively;increased the irrigation water use efficiency by 8.4 and 12.2 kg/m^3 respectively;and increased planting benefit by 18558,26425 yuan/hm^2,respectively.The soluble sugar content and leaf CAT enzyme activity was observed increased in FA and GB treated plants.Spraying GB at DI1 level showed an additional effect of increasing VC content.Spraying FA and GB at DI2 level also played a role in increasing the yield,water use efficiency and planting benefit of lettuce,however,their effect at DI2 level was far less than that at DI1 level,which might be ascribed to low irrigation input set by DI2.When the irrigation level was reduced from DI1 to DI2,sharply decrease of yield and responsive increase of leaf antioxidant enzyme activity were detected.Although the water use efficiency of lettuce was increased by reduced irrigation measure,the simultaneous decrease of yield and planting income made this measure unrealistic to apply.Comprehensively thinking,DI1+GB and DI1+FA are the recommended“yield-increasing and water-saving”measure for lettuce production.

关 键 词：生菜 黄腐酸 甜菜碱 产量 品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]