基于高分影像的松嫩低平原地区生态环境问题解析——以黑龙江省肇源县为例  

Analysis of Eco-Environmental Problems in Songnen Low Plain Based on High-Score Image——A Case Study of Zhaoyuan County of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：丁宇雪 毛龙 周向斌[2] 初炜钰 Ding Yuxue;Mao Long;Zhou Xiangbin;Chu Weiyu(Heilongjiang Institute of Geological Survey,Harbin 150036,China;Heilongjiang Geological Science Institute,Harbin 150036,China;School of Nuclear Science and Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150020,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省地质调查研究总院,哈尔滨150036 [2]黑龙江省地质科学研究所,哈尔滨150036 [3]哈尔滨工程大学核科学与技术学院,哈尔滨150020

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2020年第4期1240-1248,共9页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20190511,DD20190705,DD20189805,DD20160075)。

摘　　要：基于高分辨率卫星影像数据,利用遥感、GIS技术获取黑龙江省肇源县内自然资源与生态地质环境各因子分布现状数据,其中:耕地2541.75km^2、林地161.88km^2、草地349.00km^2、河流128.05km^2、湖泊215.80km^2、沼泽109.17km^2、其他水域84.65km^2、建设用地191.25km^2、未利用地329.94km^2;湿地1334.54km^2、荒漠化土地775.47km^2。利用地类覆盖率、人均占有量以及景观指数(破碎度指数、平均斑块分形指数、分形维数、多样性指数、均匀度指数)量化分析后,得出两类生态地质环境因子中湿地资源尤其是自然湿地受人类活动干扰程度较大、荒漠化土地受人类活动干扰程度较小的结论。并选取老山村等典型地区进行了多期次遥感动态监测及野外核查,揭示了松嫩低平原典型地区目前存在的湿地退化、土地荒漠化等生态地质环境问题。This research is based on high resolution satellite image data,remote sensing,and GIS technology.The latest data of natural resources and eco-geological environment factors in Zhaoyuan County of Heilongjiang Province were obtained as follows:cultivated land area 2541.75km^2,forest land area 161.88km^2,grassland area 349.00km^2,river area 128.05km^2,lake area 215.80km^2,swamp area 109.17km^2,other waters area 84.65km^2,building used land area 191.25km^2,unused land area 329.94km^2,wetland area 1334.54km^2,and desertification area 775.47km^2.A comprehensive study was carried out through calculating coverage rate,per capita occupancy,and landscape index(patch density,area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension,fractal dimension,Shannon diversity index,and Shannon evenness index).Based on the study result,it is concluded that wetland resources,especially natural wetlands,are more disturbed by human activities,while desertified land is less disturbed by human activities.Through multi-stage remote sensing dynamic monitoring and field verification for the selected Laoshan Village and other typical areas,some ecological and environmental problems are recognized,such as wetland degradation and land desertification in Songnen low plain area.

关 键 词：高分影像 松嫩低平原 自然资源 生态地质环境 问题解析 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]