黑龙江省近50年大豆需水量与干旱时空分布特征研究  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Soybean Crop Water Requirement and Drought in Heilongjiang Province in Recent 50 Years

作　　者：李玖颖 王欣亮 王忠波 聂堂哲[4] LI Jiuying;WANG Xinliang;WANG Zhongbo;NIE Tangzhe(Irrigation and Water Saving Technology Center of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150040,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省灌溉排水与节约用水技术中心,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学农业农村部,农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [4]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第8期223-237,共15页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC00108)。

摘　　要：基于黑龙江省28个气象站1966—2015年逐日气象数据和20个农业气象站1991—2008年大豆生育期观测资料,计算大豆不同生育阶段的有效降雨量、需水量和水分盈亏指数(Crop water surplus deficit index)及三者的气候倾向率,并根据水分盈亏指数制定干旱等级,计算各生育阶段干旱频率和干旱强度,利用ArcMap空间分析功能绘制相应分布图。结果表明,黑龙江省大豆生育期内年均有效降雨量为253~370 mm,平均值为321 mm,除生长前期外,其他各生育阶段均表现为中部高和东西部较低的分布趋势,大豆生育期有效降雨量气候倾向率为-6.16~9.09 mm/(10a),平均值为2.41 mm/(10a),生长前期有效降雨量总体呈上升趋势,生长后期有效降雨量总体呈下降趋势;大豆年均需水量为336~465 mm,平均值为388 mm,各生育阶段需水量均呈中部低、东西部高的空间分布规律,大豆生育期内需水量气候倾向率为-16.01~2.42 mm/(10a),平均值为-5.17 mm/(10a),各生育阶段需水量总体呈下降趋势;大豆生育期内年均水分盈亏指数为-44.5%~8.9%,均值为-15%,自西向东呈先增大后减小的趋势,水分盈亏指数的气候倾向率为-1.89~4.92%/(10a),水分盈亏指数总体呈上升趋势;大豆各生育阶段干旱频率分布与需水量空间分布大致相同,其中生长前期和快速发育期干旱频率高于生长中期和生长后期,易发生春旱和夏旱。本研究可为黑龙江省大豆的灌溉管理和旱灾预防提供理论依据和参考。Based on the daily meteorological data of 28 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1966 to 2015 and the observation data of 20 agricultural meteorological stations during the growth period from 1991 to 2008,the effective precipitation,water requirement and water surplus deficit index and their climate trend rate in different growth stages of soybean were calculated.The drought rank and the drought frequency and intensity of each growth stage were determined according to the water surplus deficit index.Then the corresponding distribution map was drawn by using ArcMap spatial analysis,which revealed the water supply and demand and drought situation of soybean in each growth stage in Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that the annual average effective precipitation of soybean in Heilongjiang Province was 253~370 mm,the average value was 321 mm,in addition to the initial all the other growth stages showed the distribution trend of high in the middle part and low in the east and west,the climatic trend rate of effective rainfall during the growth period of soybean was-6.16~9.09 mm/(10a),and the average value was 2.41 mm/(10a),the effective precipitation in the initial stage was on the whole increasing,but in the late season stage was on the whole decreasing.The average annual water demand of soybean was 336~465 mm,and the average value was 388 mm.In each growth stage,the water demand was low in the middle and high in the east and west areas.The climate trend rate of water requirement during the growth period of soybean was-16.01~2.42 mm/(10a),the average value was-5.17 mm/(10a),and the trend of water requirement in each growth stage was generally decreasing.It was increased firstly and then decreased from west to east areas when the average annual surplus deficit index was-44.5%~8.9%and the average value was-15%in the growth period of soybean,and an overall upward trend when the climate trend rate of water surplus deficit index was-1.89~4.92%/(10a).The drought frequency distribution and water req

关 键 词：大豆 有效降雨量 需水量 水分盈亏指数 干旱频率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S565.1[农业科学—农业工程]