厦门大德记沙滩小型底栖动物的时空分布及影响因素  

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Meiofauna and Its Influencing Factors at the Dadeji Beach,Xiamen

作　　者：慕芳红[1] 张婷 李佳[1] 华尔[1] MU Fang-Hong;ZHANG Ting;LI Jia;HUA Er(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第9期34-45,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41576153,41976100,40906063)资助。

摘　　要：于2010年4月至2011年1月对福建厦门大德记海滨浴场沙滩进行了季节性的调查采样,对小型底栖动物及其所处的沉积环境进行了研究,探讨了小型底栖动物的丰度、生物量和群落的时空变化及其与环境的关系。共鉴定出16个小型底栖动物类群,桡足类是最优势的类群,其次是线虫和缓步类,三者共占小型底栖动物总丰度的88.1%。小型底栖动物的年平均丰度和生物量分别为(660.2±424.000)ind/cm^2和(1908.2±1343.8)μg·dwt·10 cm^-2。大德记沙滩沉积环境的空间分布相对均匀但季节变化分明。小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量呈现显著的季节变化,夏季显著高于其他季节,但在潮区间和断面间差异不显著。间隙水温度、盐度、溶氧、叶绿素ɑ质量比和脱镁叶绿酸质量比等理化环境因子的季节波动是导致小型底栖动物丰度季节变化的主要因素。小型底栖动物的类群组成在季节、潮区和断面间差异均显著。间隙水温度、沉积物中值粒径和分选系数三个环境因子的组合能最好的解释该沙滩小型底栖动物的群落结构。研究结果可为亚热带沙滩小型底栖动物的深入研究提供基础数据,也可为全球气候变化背景下沙滩的保护、开发和利用提供科学依据。A seasonal survey was conducted on the intertidal meiofauna and its sedimentary environment at Dadeji Beach,Xiamen from April,2010 to January,2011.The spatiotemporal distribution of meiofaunal abundance and biomass,community structure,and the influencing environmental parameters were investigated.A total of 16 meiofaunal groups were identified in this survey.The most dominant taxon was Copepoda,and followed by Nematoda and Tardigrada.They constituted 88.1%of the total abundance of meiofauna.The annual meiofaunal abundance and biomass were(660.2±424.0)ind/cm^2 and(1908.2±1343.8)μg·dwt·10 cm^-2,respectively.The spatial distribution of the sedimentary environment of Dadeji Beach was relatively uniform but the seasonal variation was clear.There were significant differences of meiofaunal abundance and biomass among seasons,while the differences among tidal zones and between sections were not significant.The abundance and biomass of meiofauna in summer were significantly higher than those in other seasons.Seasonal fluctuations and interactions of physical and chemical parameters,including interstitial seawater temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen,mass ratio of chlorophyllɑand mass ratio of pheophorbide likely caused the seasonal variations of meiofaunal abundance.Meiofanual community varied significantly among seasons,tidal zones and between sections.The temporal and spatial distributions of the meiofaunal community were likely caused by the combination of interstitial seawater temperature,median grain size and sorting coefficient.The results of this study can provide basic data for further research on subtropical interstitial meiofauna and a scientific basis for the protection,exploitation,and utilization of sandy beaches under the background of global climate change.

关 键 词：沙滩 小型底栖动物 丰度 生物量 群落结构 时空分布 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] Q178[生物学—普通生物学]