CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在水生甲壳动物中的应用进展  

Advances on the Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Aquatic Crustacean

作　　者：郭华荣 陶奕文[1] GUO Hua-Rong;TAO Yi-Wen(Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Education,College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,海洋生物遗传与育种教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生物进化与多样性研究所,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第9期105-112,119,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFD0901301);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201822018)资助。

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9)技术是一种由gRNA(guide RNA)引导的Cas9核酸内切酶靶向编辑技术,已广泛用于基因的敲除、敲入和敲降,其操作简便快速,成本低,已成为人们探究基因功能、修复受损基因、沉默有害基因以及改良经济物种种质性状的重要工具。目前,该技术已经在少数几种水生甲壳动物中得到成功应用,但是由于显微注射技术在应用上的局限性,该技术在许多重要海水养殖经济物种如对虾中的应用受到限制,导致其基因编辑效率低下,难以广泛开展。本文对CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在水生甲壳动物中的应用进行了综述和展望,为今后海水养殖虾蟹类的基因功能研究以及遗传育种研究提供参考。CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9),a targeted gene editing tool using a gRNA-guided Cas9 nuclease,has been widely used to knock out,knock in and knock down the target genes in order to explore the biological functions of genes,repair the impaired genes,silence the harmful genes and improve the germplasm traits of economically important species in a simple and rapid way with low cost.Up to date,the CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been successfully used in several aquatic crustaceans,but failed in the economically important marine crustaceans like penaeid shrimps with low editing efficiency due to the technical barrier of microinjection.In this review the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in aquatic crustaceans is summarized and outlooked for the reference of future works on the gene functions and genetic breeding of shrimps and crabs.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术 水生甲壳动物 应用 显微注射 基因编辑效率 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]