生物炭对土壤肥力及作物产量和品质的影响研究进展  

Research Advance on Effects of Biochar on Soil Fertility and Crop′s Yield and Quality

作　　者：桂利权 张永利[2] 王烨军[2] GUI Li-quan;ZHANG Yong-li;WANG Ye-jun(Xieyuda Tea Co.Ltd.,Huangshan Anhui 245900;Tea Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]谢裕大茶叶股份有限公司,安徽黄山245000 [2]安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2020年第16期136-139,141,共5页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：黄山市科技计划项目(2019KN-01,2017KN-16);安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2020YL056);安徽省重点研究和开发计划项目(1804a07020113);国家茶产业技术体系土壤管理岗(CARS-19);安徽省茶产业技术体系茶树栽培岗(AHCYJSTX-1103);安徽省科技重大专项(17030701049)。

摘　　要：生物炭是在厌氧或无氧条件下,由生物材料经高温热解产生的一类富含碳素、孔隙发达、比表面积巨大、高度芳香化、性质稳定的固态多功能材料.生物炭施入土壤具有改善土壤结构、增强蓄肥保水能力、提高土壤养分含量、促进植物菌根生长,进而提高作物产量和品质的作用.本文从生物炭的性质特征以及生物炭对土壤理化性质和养分、作物产量和品质的影响等方面综述了生物炭对土壤肥力及作物产量和品质影响的研究进展,分析现有研究的不足,指出了未来生物炭应用的研究方向,为生物炭的推广应用提供了参考.Biochar is a kind of solid multi-functional material with abundant carbon,developed pores,large specific surface area,high aromatization and stable properties,which is produced by high temperature pyrolysis of biological materials under anaerobic or anaerobic conditions.The application of biochar into soil could improve the soil structure,enhance the capacity of fertilizer storage and water retention,improve the soil nutrient content,promote the growth of plant and mycorrhiza,and thus improve the yield and quality of crops.This paper summarized the status and knowledge gaps about the characteristics of biochar and the influence of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties,soil nutrient and crop yield and quality.Finally,research direction was discussed,in order to provide reference for better use of biochar in agriculture.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤改良 理化性状 土壤养分 作物产量 作物品质 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S158[农业科学—土壤学]